New York State Map

New York State, located in the northeastern United States, spans an area of 54,555 square miles and is home to a population of over 19.8 million people, making it the fourth most populous state in the nation. Known for its geographic diversity, the state features the Adirondack Mountains, the Hudson River, and parts of the Great Lakes. New York City, its largest city, serves as a global hub for finance and culture. The state also shares borders with five U.S. states and Canada, providing strategic economic and cultural connections.

Facts About New York State

Fact	Detail
State Name	New York
Nickname	The Empire State
Capital	Albany
Largest City	New York City
Statehood	Admitted on July 26, 1788 (11th state)
Area	54,555 square miles
Population	19,835,913 (2020 Census)
Borders	Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Canada (Ontario and Quebec)
Coastline	Atlantic Ocean
Highest Point	Mount Marcy (5,344 feet)
Lowest Point	Atlantic Ocean (Sea level)
Major Rivers	Hudson River, Mohawk River, Genesee River, Niagara River, St. Lawrence River
Major Lakes	Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Seneca Lake, Cayuga Lake, Oneida Lake
State Flower	Rose
State Tree	Sugar Maple
State Bird	Eastern Bluebird
State Motto	"Excelsior" (Ever Upward)
Economy	Finance, tourism, agriculture, manufacturing, and technology
Famous Landmarks	Statue of Liberty, Niagara Falls, Empire State Building, Adirondack Mountains
Educational Institutions	Cornell University, Columbia University, New York University, University of Rochester
Sports Teams	New York Yankees, New York Mets, Buffalo Bills, New York Knicks
Tourism	Over 250 million visitors annually
Historical Significance	Site of the American Revolutionary War battles and Ellis Island immigration center

List of Counties in New York

County	FIPS Code	County Seat	Established in	Population Density (Per/mi2)	Population (2010)	Area (sq mi)	Area (km2)
Albany County	1	Albany	1683	570.74	304,204	533	1,380
Allegany County	3	Belmont	1806	47.34	48,946	1,034	2,678
Bronx County	5	none (sui generis)	1914	24,118.20	1,385,108	57.43	149
Broome County	7	Binghamton	1806	280.56	200,600	715	1,852
Cattaraugus County	9	Little Valley	1808	61.31	80,317	1,310	3,393
Cayuga County	11	Auburn	1799	92.62	80,026	864	2,238
Chautauqua County	13	Mayville	1808	89.94	134,905	1,500	3,885
Chemung County	15	Elmira	1836	216.23	88,830	410.81	1,064
Chenango County	17	Norwich	1798	56.16	50,477	898.85	2,328
Clinton County	19	Plattsburgh	1788	73.46	82,128	1,118	2,896
Columbia County	21	Hudson	1786	97.37	63,096	648	1,678
Cortland County	23	Cortland	1808	98.28	49,336	502	1,300
Delaware County	25	Delhi	1797	32.68	47,980	1,468	3,802
Dutchess County	27	Poughkeepsie	1683	360.59	297,488	825	2,137
Erie County	29	Buffalo	1821	749.02	919,040	1,227	3,178
Essex County	31	Elizabethtown	1799	20.55	39,370	1,916	4,962
Franklin County	33	Malone	1808	30.41	51,599	1,697	4,395
Fulton County	35	Johnstown	1838	104.19	55,531	533	1,380
Genesee County	37	Batavia	1802	121.37	60,079	495	1,282
Greene County	39	Catskill	1800	74.8	49,221	658	1,704
Hamilton County	41	Lake Pleasant	1816	2.67	4,836	1,808	4,683
Herkimer County	43	Herkimer	1791	44.25	64,519	1,458	3,776
Jefferson County	45	Watertown	1805	62.59	116,229	1,857	4,810
Kings County	47	none (sui generis)	1683	25,848.30	2,504,700	96.9	251
Lewis County	49	Lowville	1805	21	27,087	1,290	3,341
Livingston County	51	Geneseo	1821	102.18	65,393	640	1,658
Madison County	53	Wampsville	1806	110.94	73,442	662	1,715
Monroe County	55	Rochester	1821	544.91	744,344	1,366	3,538
Montgomery County	57	Fonda	1772	122.49	50,219	410	1,062
Nassau County	59	Mineola	1899	2,957.02	1,339,532	453	1,173
New York County	61	none (sui generis)	1683	46,961.00	1,585,873	33.77	87
Niagara County	63	Lockport	1808	189.89	216,469	1,140	2,953
Oneida County	65	Utica	1798	193.63	234,878	1,213	3,142
Onondaga County	67	Syracuse	1792	579.44	467,026	806	2,088
Ontario County	69	Canandaigua	1789	163.04	107,931	662	1,715
Orange County	71	Goshen	1683	444.35	372,813	839	2,173
Orleans County	73	Albion	1824	52.49	42,883	817	2,116
Oswego County	75	Oswego	1816	93.07	122,109	1,312	3,398
Otsego County	77	Cooperstown	1791	62.07	62,259	1,003	2,598
Putnam County	79	Carmel Hamlet	1812	405.33	99,710	246	637
Queens County	81	none (sui generis)	1683	12,512.46	2,230,722	178.28	462
Rensselaer County	83	Troy	1791	239.74	159,429	665	1,722
Richmond County	85	none (sui generis)	1683	4,572.98	468,730	102.5	265
Rockland County	87	New City	1798	1,566.27	311,687	199	515
St. Lawrence County	89	Canton	1802	39.68	111,944	2,821	7,306
Saratoga County	91	Ballston Spa	1791	260.2	219,607	844	2,186
Schenectady County	93	Schenectady	1809	736.8	154,727	210	544
Schoharie County	95	Schoharie	1795	51.84	32,749	626	1,621
Schuyler County	97	Watkins Glen	1854	53.63	18,343	342	886
Seneca County	99	Waterloo	1804	108.46	35,251	325	842
Steuben County	101	Bath	1796	70.51	98,990	1,404	3,636
Suffolk County	103	Riverhead	1683	629.31	1,493,350	2,373	6,146
Sullivan County	105	Monticello	1809	77.78	77,547	997	2,582
Tioga County	107	Owego	1791	97.75	51,125	523	1,355
Tompkins County	109	Ithaca	1817	213.37	101,564	476	1,233
Ulster County	111	Kingston	1683	157.19	182,493	1,161	3,007
Warren County	113	Queensbury	1813	75.53	65,707	870	2,253
Washington County	115	Fort Edward	1772	74.72	63,216	846	2,191
Wayne County	117	Lyons	1823	67.75	93,772	1,384	3,585
Westchester County	119	White Plains	1683	1,898.23	949,113	500	1,295
Wyoming County	121	Warsaw	1841	70.73	42,155	596	1,544
Yates County	123	Penn Yan	1823	67.41	25,348	376	974

List of Major Cities in New York State

City Name	Population (2020 Census)	County	Region	Key Features	Additional Notes
New York City	8,804,190	Multiple Counties (Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, Richmond)	Downstate	Global financial hub, cultural center, home to landmarks like the Statue of Liberty and Times Square	Largest city in the United States; composed of five boroughs.
Buffalo	278,349	Erie	Western	Known for proximity to Niagara Falls and as a center for commerce and culture	Second-largest city in New York State.
Rochester	211,328	Monroe	Western	Famous for innovation, universities, and cultural institutions	Home to the University of Rochester and major corporations.
Yonkers	211,569	Westchester	Downstate	Suburban city near New York City with historic and cultural significance	Fourth-largest city in the state.
Syracuse	148,620	Onondaga	Central	Known for Syracuse University and the New York State Fair	Major hub for education and healthcare.
Albany	99,224	Albany	Capital District	State capital, known for its rich history and government institutions	One of the oldest cities in the United States.
New Rochelle	79,726	Westchester	Downstate	Residential city with historical landmarks	Located near New York City, offering suburban living.
Schenectady	67,047	Schenectady	Capital District	Historic city known for its innovation and as the birthplace of General Electric	Part of the Albany metropolitan area.
Utica	65,283	Oneida	Central	Known for its cultural diversity and historic sites	Located near the Mohawk Valley.
White Plains	59,559	Westchester	Downstate	Commercial hub with retail and business districts	Close proximity to New York City.
Binghamton	47,969	Broome	Southern Tier	Known as the "Carousel Capital of the World"	Home to Binghamton University.
Niagara Falls	48,671	Niagara	Western	Famous for Niagara Falls, a major tourist destination	Located on the Canadian border.

List of Metropolitan Areas in New York State

Metropolitan Area	Population (2020 Census)	Major Cities	Counties Included	Key Features
New York City Metropolitan Area	20,140,470	New York City, Yonkers, White Plains	Bronx, Kings (Brooklyn), New York (Manhattan), Queens, Richmond (Staten Island), Westchester, Nassau, Suffolk, Rockland	Global financial center, cultural hub, and largest metro area in the U.S.
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls Metropolitan Area	1,166,902	Buffalo, Niagara Falls	Erie, Niagara	Proximity to Niagara Falls and major industrial and educational centers.
Rochester Metropolitan Area	1,090,135	Rochester, Irondequoit, Greece	Monroe, Ontario, Wayne, Livingston, Orleans	Known for innovation, universities, and the Finger Lakes region.
Albany-Schenectady-Troy Metropolitan Area	880,381	Albany, Schenectady, Troy	Albany, Rensselaer, Schenectady, Saratoga	Capital District with rich history and government institutions.
Syracuse Metropolitan Area	662,057	Syracuse	Onondaga, Oswego, Madison	Home to Syracuse University and a hub for Central New York.
Binghamton Metropolitan Area	247,138	Binghamton	Broome, Tioga	Known for its technology and educational institutions, including Binghamton University.
Utica-Rome Metropolitan Area	292,264	Utica, Rome	Oneida, Herkimer	Known for manufacturing, agriculture, and cultural diversity.
Kingston Metropolitan Area	177,151	Kingston	Ulster	Located in the Hudson Valley, known for historical landmarks and tourism.
Glens Falls Metropolitan Area	125,034	Glens Falls	Warren, Washington	Gateway to the Adirondacks and known for its natural beauty.
Ithaca Metropolitan Area	102,793	Ithaca	Tompkins	Home to Cornell University and known for the Finger Lakes region.

New York State

New York State, located in the northeastern United States, is a hub of cultural, economic, and geographic diversity. Spanning an area of 54,555 square miles, it is the 27th largest state by size and the fourth most populous with a population of over 19.8 million as of the 2020 Census. Known as the Empire State, New York has played a significant role in the nation’s history, development, and global influence.

Geography

New York’s geography includes a mix of mountains, valleys, rivers, and coastal areas. It shares borders with Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, as well as the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The state is divided into several regions:

• Adirondack Mountains: Home to Mount Marcy, the state’s highest peak at 5,344 feet.
• Hudson Valley: A fertile area known for its agricultural production and historical significance.
• Finger Lakes: A series of glacially carved lakes surrounded by wineries and farmland.
• Long Island: A densely populated area with beaches, suburban communities, and significant maritime activity.

History

New York State has a rich history dating back to its settlement by the Dutch in 1624 as New Amsterdam. It became a British colony in 1664 and was a key battleground during the American Revolutionary War. In 1788, New York became the 11th state to join the Union. Ellis Island, located in New York Harbor, served as the gateway for millions of immigrants between 1892 and 1954.

Demographics

New York is a diverse state with a multicultural population. The largest city, New York City, is home to over 8.8 million people, representing one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse populations in the world. Other major cities include Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse.

Economy

New York’s economy is one of the largest in the world, with a gross state product (GSP) of over $1.9 trillion as of 2021. Key sectors include:

• Finance: New York City is a global financial hub, home to Wall Street and the New York Stock Exchange.
• Tourism: Attractions like Niagara Falls, the Statue of Liberty, and Times Square draw millions of visitors annually.
• Agriculture: The state is a top producer of apples, grapes, and dairy products.
• Technology: Upstate New York is home to emerging tech industries and research institutions.

Education

New York boasts some of the nation’s top educational institutions, including Cornell University, Columbia University, and New York University. The State University of New York (SUNY) system provides affordable higher education across 64 campuses.

Transportation

New York has a well-developed transportation infrastructure, including:

• Airports: Major hubs like John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport.
• Railways: Amtrak and commuter lines connecting the state to major cities across the northeastern United States.
• Roadways: The New York State Thruway spans the state, providing vital connections between regions.

Climate

The state experiences a humid continental climate in upstate regions, with cold winters and warm summers. Coastal areas like Long Island have a humid subtropical climate. Average annual precipitation ranges from 40 to 50 inches, with significant snowfall in areas near the Great Lakes.

Tourism and Culture

New York is a cultural and tourist destination, offering:

• Landmarks: Empire State Building, Central Park, and Niagara Falls.
• Museums: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, American Museum of Natural History.
• Events: Broadway shows, New York Fashion Week, and the U.S. Open Tennis Championships.

History of New York State

New York State has a rich and diverse history that reflects its role as a cornerstone of American development. From its early Native American inhabitants to its prominence in the Revolutionary War and industrial age, New York has been central to the growth and identity of the United States. This history spans centuries and includes pivotal events, economic transformation, and cultural evolution.

Pre-Colonial Era

Before European settlement, New York was home to several Native American tribes, including the Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) and the Algonquian-speaking tribes. The Iroquois Confederacy, composed of six nations, was a powerful alliance known for its sophisticated political and social systems. The region’s natural resources, including fertile land, rivers, and forests, supported agriculture, hunting, and trade among these indigenous communities.

Colonial Period

Dutch Settlement

In 1609, Henry Hudson, an English explorer sailing for the Dutch, discovered the Hudson River. By 1624, the Dutch had established the colony of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island and along the Hudson River. The colony became a hub for trade, particularly in furs, and laid the foundation for New York’s economic importance.

English Control

In 1664, the English captured New Amsterdam, renaming it New York after the Duke of York. The colony grew rapidly, attracting settlers from various European nations. By the mid-18th century, New York was a center for commerce, agriculture, and shipping.

Revolutionary War Era

Strategic Importance

New York played a critical role in the American Revolution due to its geographic location and economic significance. The state was the site of several key battles, including the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, which marked a turning point in the war. New York City served as a British stronghold for much of the conflict.

Declaration of Independence

On July 9, 1776, New York endorsed the Declaration of Independence, officially committing to the fight for American freedom. In 1788, New York became the 11th state to ratify the U.S. Constitution.

19th Century: Expansion and Transformation

Erie Canal

Completed in 1825, the Erie Canal connected the Hudson River to the Great Lakes, revolutionizing trade and transportation. The canal turned New York City into the nation’s premier port and spurred economic growth throughout the state.

Abolition and Reform Movements

New York was a center for abolitionist activity, with figures like Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman leading efforts to end slavery. The state also played a key role in the women’s suffrage movement, with the first Women’s Rights Convention held in Seneca Falls in 1848.

Immigration and Growth

During the 19th century, millions of immigrants, particularly from Ireland, Germany, and Italy, entered the United States through Ellis Island, located in New York Harbor. These new arrivals contributed to the rapid growth of cities and industries across the state.

20th Century: Industrialization and Leadership

Industrial Revolution

New York became a leader in manufacturing, finance, and culture. Cities like Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse thrived as centers of innovation and industry, producing goods such as steel, machinery, and textiles.

World Wars and Economic Power

During World War I and World War II, New York played a critical role in the war effort, supplying troops and materials. After the wars, the state emerged as a global economic powerhouse, with New York City at its center.

Civil Rights and Social Movements

The state was a hub for the Civil Rights Movement and LGBTQ+ rights advocacy, including the Stonewall Riots of 1969 in New York City, which marked a turning point for LGBTQ+ activism.

Modern Era

Global Influence

Today, New York is a global leader in finance, culture, and innovation. Landmarks like the World Trade Center, rebuilt after the 9/11 attacks, symbolize resilience and progress. The state continues to attract people from around the world, contributing to its vibrant, diverse identity.

Economic and Cultural Impact

New York’s economy is one of the largest in the world, with industries spanning finance, technology, agriculture, and tourism. Cultural institutions like the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Broadway theaters, and iconic sites such as Niagara Falls draw millions of visitors annually.

Geography of New York State

New York State, located in the northeastern United States, is characterized by diverse landscapes that range from rugged mountains and fertile valleys to expansive lakes and bustling urban areas. Covering an area of 54,555 square miles, it is the 27th largest state in the country. New York's geography plays a critical role in its climate, economy, and cultural identity, making it one of the most dynamic states in the nation.

Major Regions

Adirondack Mountains

The Adirondack Mountains dominate northern New York, encompassing over 6 million acres of protected land. This region includes Mount Marcy, the state’s highest peak at 5,344 feet. Known for its dense forests, glacial lakes, and outdoor recreation, the Adirondacks are a key feature of New York’s geography.

Catskill Mountains

Located in southeastern New York, the Catskill Mountains are part of the Appalachian Plateau. Formed by ancient river systems, the region is known for its scenic beauty and recreational activities such as hiking, skiing, and fishing. The highest peak, Slide Mountain, rises to 4,180 feet.

Hudson River Valley

The Hudson River Valley stretches from the Adirondacks to New York City, offering fertile agricultural land and stunning landscapes. The Hudson River, which is 315 miles long, serves as a vital waterway for commerce and transportation.

Long Island

Long Island, extending southeast from New York City, features a mix of suburban communities, sandy beaches, and maritime activity. Its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean influences its mild climate, making it a popular residential and tourist destination.

Finger Lakes

The Finger Lakes region in central New York is home to 11 narrow, glacially carved lakes. The largest, Seneca Lake and Cayuga Lake, are renowned for their vineyards and agriculture. This region is a hub for tourism and outdoor recreation.

Water Bodies

Great Lakes

New York borders two of the Great Lakes: Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. These lakes are integral to the state’s economy and provide drinking water, transportation routes, and recreational opportunities.

Rivers

• Hudson River: A key waterway connecting the Adirondacks to New York Harbor.
• Mohawk River: A major tributary of the Hudson River, important for trade and transportation.
• St. Lawrence River: Forms part of the state’s northern border with Canada.

Lakes

In addition to the Great Lakes and Finger Lakes, New York is home to numerous other lakes, including Lake Champlain, which forms part of the eastern border, and Chautauqua Lake in western New York.

Climate

New York experiences a humid continental climate in most areas, characterized by cold winters and warm summers. Coastal regions, such as Long Island, have a humid subtropical climate with milder winters and hot summers. Snowfall is significant in areas near the Great Lakes due to the lake-effect phenomenon.

Natural Resources

New York's geography provides abundant natural resources, including:

• Forests: Covering over 60% of the state, forests support wildlife and timber industries.
• Fertile Soil: Found in regions like the Hudson Valley, supporting agriculture.
• Water: Lakes, rivers, and reservoirs supply drinking water and hydroelectric power.

Human Geography

Urban Areas

New York City, the largest urban area in the state, is a global hub for finance, culture, and commerce. Other major cities include Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, and Albany, each contributing to the state’s economic and cultural diversity.

Rural Areas

Upstate New York is predominantly rural, with small towns and agricultural landscapes. The Finger Lakes and Hudson Valley regions are particularly known for their vineyards, orchards, and dairy farms.

Environmental Challenges

Coastal Erosion

Rising sea levels and storm surges threaten coastal areas, particularly on Long Island and along the Hudson River.

Urbanization

Rapid urban growth poses challenges such as pollution, habitat loss, and increased demand for infrastructure.

Economy of New York State

New York State has one of the largest and most diverse economies in the world, contributing significantly to the overall economic output of the United States. With a gross state product (GSP) of over $1.9 trillion in 2021, it ranks third among U.S. states, following California and Texas. The state’s economy is driven by a blend of finance, technology, manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism, with New York City serving as a global financial hub.

Key Sectors of the Economy

Finance and Banking

New York is the financial capital of the world, with Wall Street in New York City at the center of global finance. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and NASDAQ are the largest stock exchanges by market capitalization. The finance sector contributes approximately 18% of the state’s GDP, with major banks and investment firms headquartered in Manhattan.

Technology

The technology sector is a growing contributor to New York’s economy. The state is home to Silicon Alley in New York City, a hub for tech startups, software development, and media innovation. Upstate New York, particularly in areas like Rochester and Albany, is known for research and development in fields such as nanotechnology and renewable energy.

Manufacturing

Manufacturing remains a vital part of the state’s economy, contributing over $60 billion annually. Key industries include food processing, electronics, machinery, and pharmaceuticals. The Hudson Valley and Western New York are notable manufacturing centers.

Agriculture

Agriculture plays a significant role in upstate New York, with the state ranking among the top producers of dairy products, apples, and wine. New York has over 35,000 farms, covering 7 million acres. The Finger Lakes region is particularly famous for its vineyards and wine production.

Tourism

Tourism is a cornerstone of the state’s economy, attracting over 250 million visitors annually. Iconic landmarks such as the Statue of Liberty, Niagara Falls, Times Square, and the Adirondack Mountains contribute billions of dollars in revenue. The industry supports thousands of jobs in hospitality, retail, and entertainment.

Trade and Transportation

Ports

The Port of New York and New Jersey is one of the busiest in the United States, facilitating the movement of goods domestically and internationally. Exports include machinery, chemicals, and agricultural products, while imports include textiles, electronics, and vehicles.

Air Travel

New York’s airports, including John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, are major gateways for international and domestic travel, handling millions of passengers and cargo annually.

Employment and Workforce

New York has a workforce of over 9.2 million people, with a diverse range of industries. The state’s unemployment rate fluctuates with national trends but remains relatively low due to its economic diversity. Key employment sectors include healthcare, education, professional services, and retail.

Challenges Facing the Economy

Income Inequality

New York has one of the highest levels of income inequality in the United States, with significant disparities between urban and rural areas.

Infrastructure

Although the state has an extensive transportation network, aging infrastructure requires significant investment to maintain efficiency and safety.

Climate Change

Environmental challenges such as rising sea levels and extreme weather events pose risks to coastal cities and agricultural regions.

Future Outlook

New York’s economy is expected to continue growing, driven by advancements in technology, green energy, and global trade. Initiatives to invest in infrastructure and address income disparities are critical for sustained economic development.

Demographics of New York State

New York State is the fourth most populous state in the United States, with a population of 19,835,913 as of the 2020 Census. Known for its cultural and ethnic diversity, New York's demographics reflect a vibrant blend of people from different backgrounds, contributing to its global prominence. The state's urban centers, suburban communities, and rural areas exhibit distinct demographic patterns.

Population Distribution

Urban Areas

Nearly 63% of New York's population resides in urban areas, with New York City alone housing over 8.8 million residents, making it the largest city in the United States. Other major urban areas include Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse.

Rural Areas

Rural regions in upstate New York, such as the Adirondacks and the Southern Tier, are sparsely populated compared to downstate areas. These regions account for approximately 15% of the state’s population and are characterized by small towns and agricultural communities.

Ethnic and Racial Composition

• White (Non-Hispanic): Approximately 54.2% of the population, primarily of European descent.
• Hispanic or Latino: Accounts for 19.5%, with significant representation from Puerto Rican, Dominican, and Mexican communities.
• Black or African American: Comprises 14.3% of the population, with a substantial presence in New York City and Buffalo.
• Asian: Represents 9.6%, with Chinese, Indian, Korean, and Filipino communities being the largest groups.
• Native American: Less than 1%, primarily in regions like the Adirondacks and near reservations.

Age Distribution

New York's population is relatively balanced in terms of age distribution:

• Under 18: Approximately 20% of the population.
• 18-64: Makes up about 61%, reflecting a large working-age population.
• 65 and older: Around 19%, indicating a growing senior demographic due to increased life expectancy.

Languages

New York is linguistically diverse, with over 30% of residents speaking a language other than English at home. The most commonly spoken languages include:

• English: Spoken by 70% of residents as their primary language.
• Spanish: The second most common language, spoken by 15%.
• Chinese: Spoken by 3%, reflecting the significant Asian population.
• Other Languages: Includes Russian, Italian, French, and Arabic.

Religious Affiliation

New York's religious landscape is diverse, with the following distribution:

• Christian: About 60%, including Catholics, Protestants, and Orthodox Christians.
• Non-religious: Approximately 27% identify as atheist, agnostic, or unaffiliated.
• Jewish: Roughly 8%, with New York City having the largest Jewish population in the United States.
• Muslim, Hindu, and Other Religions: Together account for 5%.

Education

New York has a highly educated population:

• High School Diploma or Higher: Nearly 89% of residents aged 25 and older.
• Bachelor’s Degree or Higher: About 39%, with concentrations in urban areas and near major universities such as Columbia and Cornell.

Economic Demographics

The median household income in New York is approximately $71,117, slightly higher than the national average. However, income levels vary widely between urban and rural areas, with New York City and its suburbs having significantly higher median incomes.

Challenges and Trends

Population Decline

Recent census data indicates a slight population decline in certain upstate regions due to economic challenges and outmigration.

Urbanization

Urban areas continue to grow, attracting immigrants and young professionals, while rural areas face population stagnation.