Explore the map of United Kingdom, comprising England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, is a sovereign nation situated off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. With a population of approximately 67 million, it is renowned for its influential role in global politics, finance, and culture. London, the capital city, is a major financial hub, housing the headquarters of numerous multinational corporations and financial institutions. The UK economy, valued at around £2.83 trillion, is one of the largest in the world, driven by sectors such as services, manufacturing, and technology. The country is also home to prestigious universities like Oxford and Cambridge, contributing significantly to education and research advancements globally. The NHS, the UK's public health service, is celebrated for providing comprehensive healthcare to all residents.
Expore the UK map, The United Kingdom consists the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands.
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, including: Saint Helena, Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha
South Atlantic Ocean
420
162
5,633 (total; 2016 census), 4,349 (Saint Helena; 2019 census), 880 (Ascension; estimate), 1,000 non-permanent (Ascension; UK military personnel; estimate), 300 (Tristan da Cunha; estimate), 9 non-permanent (Tristan da Cunha; weather personnel)
Jamestown
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
South Atlantic Ocean
3,903
1,507
0, 99 non-permanent (officials and research personnel)
King Edward Point
Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Cyprus, Mediterranean Sea
255
98
7,700 (Cypriots; estimate), 8,000 non-permanent (UK military personnel and their families; estimate)
Episkopi Cantonment
Turks and Caicos Islands
Lucayan Archipelago, North Atlantic Ocean
430
166
38,191 (2019 estimate)
Cockburn Town
Regions of England
Name
Population
Area km2
Area sq mi
Largest urban area
South East
9,180,135
19,072
7,364
South Hampshire
London
8,961,989
1,572
607
Greater London Built-up Area
North West
7,341,196
14,108
5,447
Greater Manchester Built-up Area
East of England
6,236,072
19,116
7,381
Southend Urban Area
West Midlands
5,934,037
12,998
5,019
West Midlands Conurbation
South West
5,624,696
23,836
9,203
Bristol Built-up Area
Yorkshire and the Humber
5,502,967
15,405
5,948
West Yorkshire Built-up Area
East Midlands
4,835,928
15,625
6,033
Nottingham Urban Area
North East
2,669,941
8,579
3,312
Tyneside
Largest urban areas of the United Kingdom
Rank
Urban area
Population
Principal settlement
1
Greater London Urban Area
9,787,426
London
2
Greater Manchester Urban Area
2,553,379
Manchester
3
West Midlands Urban Area
2,440,986
Birmingham
4
West Yorkshire Urban Area
1,777,934
Leeds
5
Greater Glasgow
985,290
Glasgow
6
Liverpool Urban Area
864,122
Liverpool
7
South Hampshire
855,569
Southampton
8
Tyneside
774,891
Newcastle
9
Nottingham Urban Area
729,977
Nottingham
10
Sheffield Urban Area
685,368
Sheffield
11
Bristol Urban Area
617,280
Bristol
12
Edinburgh Urban Area
512,150
Edinburgh
13
Leicester Urban Area
508,916
Leicester
14
Belfast Urban Area
483,418
Belfast
15
Brighton and Hove built-up area
474,485
Brighton
16
South East Dorset conurbation
466,266
Bournemouth
17
Cardiff Urban Area
390,214
Cardiff
18
Teesside
376,633
Middlesbrough
19
The Potteries Urban Area
372,775
Stoke-on-Trent
20
Coventry and Bedworth Urban Area
359,262
Coventry
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom (UK) is a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. Comprising four nations—England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland—the UK boasts a rich history and a significant global presence. The capital city, London, is renowned as a leading financial centre and cultural hub.
Geography and Demographics
The UK covers an area of approximately 243,610 square kilometres. It has a diverse landscape that includes rolling hills, rugged coastlines, and expansive plains. The population of the UK is around 67 million people, with a dense concentration in urban areas. London alone is home to nearly 9 million residents, making it one of the largest cities in Europe.
Economy
The UK has a mixed economy, which is the sixth-largest in the world by nominal GDP, estimated at £2.83 trillion. The service sector dominates, contributing about 80% of GDP, with finance, insurance, and business services being particularly prominent. London’s financial district, known as the City of London, is one of the world's foremost financial centres, hosting major banks, financial institutions, and the London Stock Exchange.
Manufacturing and production remain important sectors, with significant contributions from the aerospace, automotive, and pharmaceutical industries. Additionally, the UK is a leader in the creative industries, including film, television, and music, which collectively contribute billions to the economy annually.
Education
The UK is home to some of the world’s most prestigious universities, including the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, both of which have a rich history dating back several centuries. These institutions are renowned for their research output, academic excellence, and contributions to various fields of study.
Healthcare
The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded healthcare system in the UK, providing comprehensive health services that are free at the point of use. It is one of the largest and oldest single-payer healthcare systems in the world, employing over 1.5 million people. The NHS is highly regarded for its quality of care, despite facing challenges such as funding constraints and increasing demand.
Culture
The UK has a vibrant cultural scene, deeply rooted in history and tradition. It has produced some of the world’s most influential writers, including William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, and J.K. Rowling. The British music scene has also had a global impact, with bands like The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and more recently, artists like Adele and Ed Sheeran.
Political Structure
The UK operates under a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. The current monarch, as of 2024, is King Charles III. The UK Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Prime Minister, the head of government, is typically the leader of the party that has the most seats in the House of Commons.
Global Influence
The UK maintains a significant role in international affairs through its membership in global organisations such as the United Nations, NATO, the G7, and the Commonwealth of Nations. Its foreign policy is influential, with a strong focus on diplomacy, international development, and security.
Challenges and Opportunities
In recent years, the UK has faced significant challenges, including the economic and political implications of Brexit, the decision to leave the European Union. This has led to ongoing discussions about trade agreements, immigration policies, and the future of the UK's relationship with its European neighbours.
History
The history of the United Kingdom is a rich tapestry of events, people, and milestones that have shaped not only the nation but also the world. From ancient times through to the modern era, the UK has been at the forefront of political, cultural, and industrial revolutions.
Ancient Britain
The earliest known human presence in the area now known as the United Kingdom dates back to around 800,000 BC. The arrival of the Celts around 600 BC brought significant cultural and technological changes. Roman Britain began in AD 43 with the invasion led by Emperor Claudius, resulting in nearly 400 years of Roman rule, marked by the construction of roads, baths, and Hadrian's Wall.
The Middle Ages
Following the Roman withdrawal in AD 410, the UK saw the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons, who established several kingdoms. The unification of these kingdoms began under Alfred the Great in the late 9th century. The Norman Conquest of 1066, led by William the Conqueror, was a pivotal event, introducing Norman culture and laying the foundation for the feudal system and English monarchy.
The Plantagenets and the Wars of the Roses
The Plantagenet dynasty, which began with Henry II in 1154, saw the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215, a cornerstone in the development of constitutional governance. The late 15th century was dominated by the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars between the houses of Lancaster and York. The wars ended with the victory of Henry Tudor, who became Henry VII, establishing the Tudor dynasty.
The Tudors and the Elizabethan Era
The Tudor period was marked by significant religious and political changes. Henry VIII's break with the Roman Catholic Church and the establishment of the Church of England was a defining moment. The reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) is often considered a golden age, characterised by the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 and the flourishing of English drama and exploration.
The Stuarts and the English Civil War
The early 17th century saw the union of the English and Scottish crowns under James VI and I. The period was tumultuous, culminating in the English Civil War (1642-1651) between Royalists and Parliamentarians. The war led to the temporary overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell.
The Glorious Revolution and the Georgian Era
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 resulted in the overthrow of James II and the ascension of William III and Mary II, establishing constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The 18th century Georgian era was marked by the expansion of the British Empire, the Enlightenment, and the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution.
The Victorian Age
The Victorian era, named after Queen Victoria (1837-1901), was a period of significant industrial, cultural, and scientific advancement. The British Empire reached its zenith, becoming the largest empire in history. The era saw the construction of iconic structures like the Houses of Parliament and advancements in technology and infrastructure.
The World Wars and the Modern Era
The 20th century was dominated by the impacts of World War I and World War II. The UK played a crucial role in both conflicts, with significant sacrifices and contributions. Post-World War II, the UK underwent substantial social and economic changes, including the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948.
The latter half of the 20th century saw the decolonisation of the British Empire and the UK's entry into the European Economic Community in 1973, which it left in 2020 following the Brexit referendum. The UK's modern political landscape is marked by its role in international organisations such as the United Nations, NATO, and the G7.
Cultural Impact and Legacy
The UK's cultural contributions are vast, from literature and theatre to science and innovation. Figures like William Shakespeare, Isaac Newton, and the Beatles have left an indelible mark on global culture. The UK continues to be a leader in various fields, maintaining its influence and relevance in a rapidly changing world.
Geography
The United Kingdom (UK) is an island nation located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. Comprised of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland—the UK has a diverse and rich geographical landscape that ranges from rugged mountains and rolling hills to expansive coastlines and dense forests.
Physical Geography
The total area of the United Kingdom is approximately 242,495 square kilometres (93,628 square miles). It is situated between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, with the English Channel separating it from France.
Mountains and Highlands
Scotland is home to the UK's highest peak, Ben Nevis, which stands at 1,345 metres (4,413 feet). The Scottish Highlands are renowned for their scenic beauty and dramatic landscapes. In Wales, the highest point is Mount Snowdon, reaching 1,085 metres (3,560 feet). England’s notable mountains include the Lake District’s Scafell Pike at 978 metres (3,209 feet).
Rivers and Lakes
The longest river in the UK is the River Severn, which flows for about 354 kilometres (220 miles) from the Welsh mountains through the Midlands to the Bristol Channel. Other significant rivers include the Thames, which runs through London, and the Trent and Mersey in England. The UK also boasts numerous lakes, with the largest by surface area being Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland, covering 388 square kilometres (150 square miles). In England, the Lake District contains the country's largest natural lake, Windermere.
Coastlines
The UK has an extensive coastline, approximately 12,429 kilometres (7,723 miles) long, characterised by cliffs, sandy beaches, and estuaries. The White Cliffs of Dover, the Jurassic Coast in Dorset and East Devon, and the rugged coastlines of Cornwall and the Outer Hebrides are among the most famous coastal features.
Climate
The climate of the UK is temperate maritime, heavily influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. This results in mild temperatures, high humidity, and frequent rainfall. The west coast experiences the heaviest rainfall, particularly in the Lake District and the western Highlands of Scotland. The southeast, including London, tends to be drier and warmer. Average temperatures range from 1°C (34°F) in winter to 25°C (77°F) in summer.
Natural Resources and Land Use
The UK has a variety of natural resources, including coal, oil, natural gas, and limestone. Agriculture plays a significant role in land use, with approximately 70% of the land dedicated to farming. The UK produces a wide range of crops, including wheat, barley, and vegetables, and is also known for its livestock farming, particularly sheep and cattle.
Forests and Natural Parks
Forests cover about 13% of the UK’s land area. Notable forests include the New Forest in southern England, Sherwood Forest in the Midlands, and the Caledonian Forest in Scotland. The UK is also home to several national parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs), including the Peak District, Snowdonia, the Cairngorms, and the Yorkshire Dales.
Population and Urban Geography
The UK has a population of approximately 67 million people, with England being the most populous country, followed by Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. London, the capital city, is the largest urban area with a population of around 9 million. Other major cities include Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, and Edinburgh. The urban population is concentrated in the southeast of England and other industrial areas such as the West Midlands and Greater Manchester.
Biodiversity
The UK is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including over 70,000 species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. Key wildlife species include red deer in Scotland, badgers, foxes, and various bird species such as the red kite and the puffin. The coastal waters are rich in marine life, with species such as seals, dolphins, and numerous fish species.
Economy
The United Kingdom (UK) has one of the largest and most sophisticated economies in the world. As of 2023, the UK’s nominal GDP stands at approximately £2.8 trillion, making it the sixth-largest economy globally. The economy is highly diversified, with significant contributions from various sectors including services, manufacturing, construction, and energy.
Services Sector
The services sector is the backbone of the UK economy, accounting for around 80% of GDP. Within this sector, financial services are particularly prominent, with London being one of the world’s leading financial centres. The City of London hosts major international banks, insurance companies, and financial markets, including the London Stock Exchange and Lloyd’s of London. Financial services contribute approximately £132 billion annually to the UK economy and employ around 1.1 million people.
Professional services such as law, accounting, and consulting also play a critical role. The UK’s creative industries, including film, television, and digital media, contribute significantly to economic output, generating around £116 billion annually and employing over 2 million people.
Tourism is another vital part of the services sector, attracting millions of visitors each year. In 2019, the UK welcomed 40.9 million tourists, generating £28.4 billion in revenue. Key attractions include historical sites, cultural landmarks, and major events such as the Wimbledon tennis championships and the Edinburgh Festival.
Manufacturing and Industrial Sector
The manufacturing sector, though smaller than services, remains a crucial component of the UK economy, contributing about 10% to GDP and employing 2.7 million people. The UK is renowned for its advanced engineering and high-tech industries. Key manufacturing sectors include aerospace, automotive, pharmaceuticals, and electronics.
The UK’s automotive industry is globally recognised, with brands such as Rolls-Royce, Bentley, and Jaguar Land Rover. The sector exports approximately 80% of its production, contributing significantly to the trade balance. In 2022, the UK produced 1.6 million vehicles, generating £78.9 billion in turnover.
Aerospace is another key industry, with companies like BAE Systems and Rolls-Royce playing leading roles in global markets. The UK aerospace sector is the second-largest in the world, generating annual revenues of £31 billion and supporting around 111,000 jobs.
Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology are also important, with the UK home to leading firms such as GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca. The pharmaceutical sector invests heavily in research and development (R&D), contributing to medical advancements and generating £36.7 billion annually.
Energy Sector
The UK has a diverse energy sector that includes oil and gas, renewables, and nuclear power. The North Sea has historically been a major source of oil and gas, and despite declining production, it remains a significant contributor. In 2021, the UK produced 37 million tonnes of oil and 29 billion cubic metres of natural gas.
Renewable energy is rapidly growing, with the UK being a world leader in offshore wind power. As of 2022, the UK has installed capacity of 10.4 gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind, with plans to reach 40GW by 2030. Other renewable sources such as solar, biomass, and hydroelectric power are also being developed.
Trade and Investment
The UK is a major global trading nation. In 2022, total trade (exports plus imports) amounted to £1.4 trillion. Key trading partners include the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, and China. The UK’s top exports include machinery, vehicles, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is significant, with the UK being one of the largest recipients of FDI globally. In 2021, inward FDI stock was valued at £1.5 trillion. The UK’s business-friendly environment, skilled workforce, and strong legal framework attract investors from around the world.
Labour Market
The UK labour market is characterised by high levels of employment and a relatively low unemployment rate. As of 2023, the unemployment rate stands at 3.7%. The UK has a diverse workforce with significant representation across various sectors. The National Living Wage for workers aged 23 and over is set at £9.50 per hour, ensuring a minimum income standard.
Challenges and Outlook
The UK economy faces several challenges, including the impact of Brexit, the COVID-19 pandemic, and global economic uncertainties. Brexit has introduced complexities in trade relationships and regulatory alignment with the European Union, the UK’s largest trading partner. The pandemic has affected various sectors, particularly hospitality, travel, and retail.
However, the UK economy has shown resilience and adaptability. Government initiatives to support innovation, infrastructure development, and skills training are expected to drive future growth. The focus on green energy and technology sectors also presents significant opportunities for economic expansion.
Demographics
The United Kingdom (UK) is a diverse and dynamic country with a population that reflects a rich blend of cultural, ethnic, and social backgrounds. As of mid-2023, the estimated population of the UK stands at approximately 67.5 million. This population is distributed across four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, each contributing to the overall demographic landscape of the nation.
Population Distribution
England is the most populous country within the UK, with a population of around 56 million. It is home to the capital city, London, which alone boasts a population of nearly 9 million, making it one of the largest cities in Europe. Scotland, with its capital in Edinburgh, has a population of approximately 5.5 million. Wales, with Cardiff as its capital, has around 3.1 million residents, while Northern Ireland, with Belfast as its capital, has about 1.9 million people.
The UK’s population density varies significantly across regions. London and the South East of England are the most densely populated areas, while Scotland and Wales have lower population densities, particularly in their rural and highland regions.
Age Structure
The UK has an ageing population, with a significant proportion of residents aged 65 and over. As of 2023, approximately 19% of the population is aged 65 and above, reflecting the country's longer life expectancy and lower birth rates. The median age of the UK population is around 40.4 years. This demographic shift poses challenges for public services, particularly healthcare and pensions, as the demand for elderly care increases.
Ethnic Diversity
The UK is ethnically diverse, with significant communities from various backgrounds. According to the 2021 Census, around 81% of the population identified as White, while 19% identified with other ethnic groups. The largest minority ethnic groups are Asian or Asian British (9.3%), Black or Black British (4.1%), Mixed (2.2%), and other ethnic groups (3.4%). London is the most ethnically diverse region, with over 40% of its population belonging to minority ethnic groups.
Immigration and Multiculturalism
Immigration has played a crucial role in shaping the UK’s demographic profile. The country has a long history of immigration, particularly from former colonies and the European Union. As of 2023, around 14% of the UK population is foreign-born, with significant communities from India, Poland, Pakistan, Ireland, and Romania.
The UK’s multiculturalism is evident in its cities, where diverse cultural practices, languages, and religions coexist. This diversity enriches the social and cultural fabric of the nation, contributing to its global outlook and economic dynamism.
Religion
The UK is home to a variety of religious beliefs. According to the 2021 Census, Christianity is the largest religion, with around 51% of the population identifying as Christian. Islam is the second-largest religion, followed by approximately 6.3% of the population. Other religions, including Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism, and Buddhism, also have significant followings. Additionally, a substantial portion of the population, around 37%, identifies as having no religion, reflecting the growing trend towards secularism.
Language
English is the predominant language spoken in the UK. However, the country is home to several other languages due to its ethnic diversity and historical influences. Welsh is widely spoken in Wales, with around 29% of the population able to speak the language. In Scotland, Scots and Scottish Gaelic are recognised minority languages. In Northern Ireland, Irish and Ulster Scots have cultural significance. Furthermore, numerous community languages such as Punjabi, Urdu, Bengali, Polish, and Chinese are spoken across the UK, particularly in urban areas.
Education
The UK boasts a highly developed education system, with compulsory education from ages 5 to 18. The country is renowned for its prestigious universities, including the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, and Imperial College London. As of 2022, around 2.3 million students were enrolled in higher education institutions across the UK. The literacy rate is high, at approximately 99%, reflecting the country’s emphasis on education and learning.
Employment and Income
The UK has a diverse labour market, with employment spread across various sectors including services, manufacturing, and technology. As of 2023, the employment rate is around 75%, with a relatively low unemployment rate of 4.1%. The median annual salary is approximately £31,000. However, income disparities exist, with higher earnings concentrated in London and the South East, and lower incomes prevalent in other regions.
Health
The UK’s healthcare system, the National Health Service (NHS), provides comprehensive healthcare to residents. Life expectancy in the UK is 79 years for men and 83 years for women. The country faces health challenges such as rising obesity rates, mental health issues, and the impact of ageing. The COVID-19 pandemic has also placed significant strain on the healthcare system, highlighting the need for continued investment and reform.
Government and Politics
The United Kingdom (UK) operates under a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. This unique system combines elements of both monarchy and democracy, where the monarch is the head of state, and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The UK's political landscape is characterised by its long-standing institutions, legal traditions, and a commitment to democratic principles.
The Constitutional Monarchy
The UK is a constitutional monarchy, which means that the monarch’s powers are largely ceremonial and symbolic, constrained by a constitution and laws passed by Parliament. The current monarch, as of 2024, is King Charles III. The monarchy plays a crucial role in national unity and state ceremonial functions but does not directly involve itself in day-to-day government operations.
The Structure of Government
The UK government is divided into three branches: the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary.
The Executive
The Executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister, who is the leader of the political party that has the most seats in the House of Commons. As of 2024, the Prime Minister is Rishi Sunak. The Prime Minister appoints members of the Cabinet, who are senior ministers responsible for different government departments. The Executive is responsible for implementing laws, making policy decisions, and running the day-to-day affairs of the country.
The Legislature
The UK Parliament is bicameral, consisting of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
House of Commons: The House of Commons is the lower house and is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs) elected by the public in general elections, held at least every five years. There are 650 MPs, each representing a constituency. The House of Commons is the primary legislative body, where proposed laws (bills) are debated and voted upon.
House of Lords: The House of Lords is the upper house and is composed of appointed members, including life peers, bishops, and hereditary peers. The House of Lords reviews and suggests amendments to legislation proposed by the House of Commons but cannot ultimately block bills.
The Judiciary
The UK’s judiciary is independent of the Executive and the Legislature. The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest court, established in 2009, replacing the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all other courts in the country. The judiciary interprets and applies the law, ensuring that legislation complies with the constitution and protecting individual rights.
Political Parties
The UK’s political system is dominated by two major parties: the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.
Conservative Party
Traditionally right-leaning, the Conservative Party supports free market policies, a strong national defence, and incremental social reforms. The party has been in government for much of the 20th and early 21st centuries.
Labour Party
Traditionally left-leaning, the Labour Party advocates for social justice, workers' rights, and extensive public services funded by taxation. It has also had significant periods in government, particularly post-World War II and during the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Other significant political parties include the Liberal Democrats, the Scottish National Party (SNP), Plaid Cymru (the Party of Wales), and the Green Party. Each of these parties plays a crucial role in representing diverse viewpoints and regions across the UK.
Devolution and Regional Governments
Devolution refers to the delegation of powers from the central government to regional governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
Scotland
The Scottish Parliament, established in 1999, has significant legislative authority over areas such as education, health, and justice. The current First Minister of Scotland is Humza Yousaf.
Wales
The Senedd (Welsh Parliament), also established in 1999, has legislative powers in areas like health, education, and local government. The First Minister of Wales is Mark Drakeford.
Northern Ireland
The Northern Ireland Assembly, re-established in 1998 following the Good Friday Agreement, has legislative power over areas including health, education, and justice. The First Minister of Northern Ireland is Michelle O'Neill.
Elections and Voting
The UK conducts general elections every five years to elect MPs to the House of Commons. The First Past the Post system is used, where the candidate with the most votes in each constituency wins. Additionally, there are local elections, European Parliament elections (until Brexit), and elections for devolved parliaments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
Recent Political Developments
Brexit, the UK’s departure from the European Union, has been a defining political issue in recent years. The Brexit referendum in 2016 saw a majority vote to leave the EU, leading to extensive negotiations and the eventual exit on 31 January 2020. Brexit continues to influence UK politics, economy, and international relations.
International Relations
The UK is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a leading member of the Commonwealth of Nations, and part of international organisations like NATO, the G7, and the G20. Post-Brexit, the UK has sought to redefine its role on the global stage through trade deals and diplomatic initiatives.
