Explore the map of Tamil Nadu, located in the southern part of India, is a state known for its rich cultural heritage and economic significance. It is home to a population of over 72 million people and covers an area of 130,058 square kilometres. Chennai, the state capital, is a major hub for the automotive, technology, and healthcare industries. Tamil Nadu boasts a high literacy rate of 80.09% and is a leader in renewable energy, contributing significantly to India's wind and solar power capacities. The state also features important historical sites, such as the UNESCO World Heritage-listed temples in Mahabalipuram and Thanjavur, attracting millions of tourists annually.
Explore the Tamil Nadu district map showing the 38 districts, district headquarters and capital of Tamil Nadu state of India.
List of Districts of Tamil Nadu
S.N.
District
Code
Capital
Established
Area (km2)
Population
Population Density (/km2)
1
Ariyalur
AR
Ariyalur
23 November 2007
1949.31
754,894
390
2
Chengalpattu
CGL
Chengalpattu
29 November 2019
2,944.96
2,556,244
868
3
Chennai
CH
Chennai
1 November 1956
426
4,646,732
26,076
4
Coimbatore
CO
Coimbatore
1 November 1956
4,723
3,458,045
732
5
Cuddalore
CU
Cuddalore
30 September 1993
3,703
2,605,914
709
6
Dharmapuri
DH
Dharmapuri
2 October 1965
4,497.77
1,506,843
335
7
Dindigul
DI
Dindigul
15 September 1985
6,266.64
2,159,775
345
8
Erode
ER
Erode
31 August 1979
5,722
2,251,744
394
9
Kallakurichi
KL
Kallakurichi
26 November 2019
3,520.37
1,370,281
389
10
Kanchipuram
KC
Kanchipuram
1 July 1997
1,655.94
1,166,401
704
11
Kanyakumari
KK
Nagercoil
1 November 1956
1,672
1,870,374
1,119
12
Karur
KR
Karur
30 September 1995
2,895.57
1,064,493
357
13
Krishnagiri
KR
Krishnagiri
9 February 2004
5,143
1,879,809
366
14
Madurai
MDU
Madurai
1 November 1956
3,741.73
3,038,252
812
15
Mayiladuthurai
MYD
Mayiladuthurai
28 December 2020
1,172
918,356
784
16
Nagapattinam
NG
Nagapattinam
18 October 1991
1,397
697,069
498
17
Namakkal
NM
Namakkal
1 January 1997
3,368.21
1,726,601
513
18
Nilgiris
NI
Ooty
1 November 1956
2,545
735,394
300
19
Perambalur
PE
Perambalur
30 September 1995
1,757
565,223
320
20
Pudukkottai
PU
Pudukkottai
14 January 1974
4,663
1,618,345
347
21
Ramanathapuram
RA
Ramanathapuram
1 November 1956
4,068.31
1,353,445
331
22
Ranipet
RN
Ranipet
28 November 2019
2,234.32
1,210,277
542
23
Salem
SA
Salem
1 November 1956
5,245
3,482,056
669
24
Sivagangai
SI
Sivagangai
15 March 1985
4,189
1,339,101
328
25
Tenkasi
TS
Tenkasi
22 November 2019
2916.13
1,407,627
483
26
Thanjavur
TJ
Thanjavur
1 November 1956
3,396.57
2,405,890
708
27
Theni
TH
Theni
25 July 1996
3,242.30
1,245,899
406
28
Thoothukudi
TK
Thoothukudi
20 October 1986
4,707
1,750,176
372
29
Tiruchirappalli
TC
Tiruchirappalli
1 November 1956
4,403.83
2,722,290
618
30
Tirunelveli
TI
Tirunelveli
1 November 1956
3842.37
1,665,253
433
31
Tirupattur
TU
Tirupattur
28 November 2019
1,797.92
1,111,812
618
32
Tiruppur
TP
Tiruppur
22 February 2009
5,186.34
2,479,052
478
33
Tiruvallur
TL
Tiruvallur
1 July 1997
3,422.43
3,728,104
1,089
34
Tiruvannamalai
TV
Tiruvannamalai
30 September 1989
6,188
2,464,875
398
35
Tiruvarur
TR
Thiruvarur
18 October 1991
2,161
1,264,277
585
36
Vellore
VE
Vellore
30 September 1989
2030.11
1,614,242
795
37
Viluppuram
VL
Viluppuram
30 September 1993
3725.54
2,093,003
562
38
Virudhunagar
VR
Virudhunagar
15 March 1985
4,241.00
1,942,288
453
Districts of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu, located in the southern part of India, is divided into 38 districts, each with its unique characteristics and contributions to the state's socio-economic fabric. These districts are known for their diverse landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and economic activities ranging from agriculture to industry.
Chennai, the capital city, is the most populous district with over 7 million residents. It serves as a major cultural, economic, and educational hub, hosting numerous IT parks, manufacturing units, and prestigious educational institutions like the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. Chennai is also known for its historic landmarks, such as Fort St. George and the Marina Beach.
Coimbatore, often referred to as the "Manchester of South India," is a major industrial district with a population of over 3.4 million. It is renowned for its textile industry, engineering firms, and educational institutions like the PSG College of Technology. The city's economy is driven by its robust manufacturing sector and thriving service industry.
Madurai, with a population of approximately 3 million, is known for its rich cultural heritage and historic significance. The Meenakshi Amman Temple, a major pilgrimage site, attracts millions of tourists annually. Madurai's economy is supported by agriculture, textile manufacturing, and trade.
Tiruchirappalli, commonly known as Trichy, has a population of around 2.9 million. It is a prominent educational centre, housing institutions like the National Institute of Technology Trichy. The district is also an industrial hub, with significant contributions from the engineering and manufacturing sectors. Key landmarks include the Rockfort Temple and the Srirangam Temple.
Salem, with a population of about 3.5 million, is known for its textile industry, stainless steel production, and mango cultivation. The district is also home to numerous educational institutions and is a significant centre for agricultural activities.
Tirunelveli, located in the southern part of the state, has a population of approximately 3.1 million. It is known for its agricultural productivity, particularly in paddy, bananas, and spices. The district is also home to the Tirunelveli Halwa, a popular sweet delicacy.
Vellore, with a population of around 4 million, is famous for its medical and educational institutions, including the Christian Medical College and Vellore Institute of Technology. The district is also known for its leather industry, contributing significantly to exports.
Thanjavur, often referred to as the "Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu," has a population of about 2.5 million. The district is renowned for its paddy fields and the Brihadeeswarar Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Agriculture is the primary economic activity, supported by a well-developed irrigation system.
Dindigul, with a population of approximately 2.1 million, is known for its lock-making industry and agricultural produce, including tomatoes and flowers. The district is also famous for the Dindigul Fort and its proximity to the hill station of Kodaikanal.
Erode, with a population of around 2.5 million, is a significant centre for turmeric production and textile manufacturing. The district's economy is heavily reliant on agriculture, with significant cultivation of crops like sugarcane and banana.
Virudhunagar, with a population of about 1.9 million, is known for its matchbox and fireworks industries. The district also has a robust agricultural sector, producing crops like cotton, groundnuts, and millets.
Kanyakumari, located at the southern tip of India, has a population of approximately 1.9 million. It is a major tourist destination, known for its scenic landscapes, beaches, and the Vivekananda Rock Memorial. The district's economy is driven by tourism, agriculture, and fishing.
Cuddalore, with a population of around 2.6 million, is an important industrial district with a significant presence of chemical, pharmaceutical, and energy industries. The district also has a rich cultural heritage, with landmarks like the ancient Chidambaram Temple.
Sivaganga, with a population of about 1.3 million, is known for its agricultural activities, particularly in the cultivation of paddy, sugarcane, and groundnuts. The district also has several historic sites, including the Chettinad palaces.
Nagapattinam, with a population of approximately 1.6 million, is an important coastal district known for its fishing industry and maritime activities. The district is also a significant producer of rice and has several historical landmarks, including the Nagore Dargah.
Ramanathapuram, with a population of around 1.5 million, is known for its historic significance and religious sites, including the Ramanathaswamy Temple in Rameswaram. The district's economy is supported by agriculture, fishing, and tourism.
Dharmapuri, with a population of about 1.5 million, is known for its mango cultivation and horticultural activities. The district also has significant forestry resources and is a growing centre for silk production.
Krishnagiri, with a population of approximately 1.9 million, is an important agricultural district, producing mangoes, vegetables, and flowers. The district is also developing its industrial sector, with several manufacturing units.
Nilgiris, with a population of around 800,000, is a renowned hill district known for its tea plantations, scenic landscapes, and biodiversity. The district's economy is driven by tourism, agriculture, and horticulture.
Pudukkottai, with a population of about 1.6 million, is known for its agricultural activities, particularly in the cultivation of paddy and millets. The district also has several historical sites and a growing industrial sector.
Perambalur, with a population of approximately 600,000, is an emerging industrial district with a focus on cement and textile manufacturing. The district also has significant agricultural activities.
Theni, with a population of around 1.2 million, is known for its agricultural productivity, particularly in the cultivation of grapes, mangoes, and cotton. The district also has several tourist attractions, including the hill station of Meghamalai.
Karur, with a population of about 1.1 million, is known for its textile industry, particularly in the production of home textiles and woven fabric. The district also has a robust agricultural sector, producing crops like sugarcane and paddy.
Namakkal, with a population of approximately 1.7 million, is a significant centre for poultry farming and egg production. The district also has a thriving transport industry and is known for its production of lorry body parts.
Kancheepuram, with a population of around 1.2 million, is renowned for its silk sarees and historical temples. The district is a significant cultural and religious centre, attracting tourists and pilgrims.
Ariyalur, with a population of about 800,000, is known for its rich mineral resources, particularly limestone, which supports a thriving cement industry. The district also has significant agricultural activities.
Tiruvannamalai, with a population of approximately 2.5 million, is a prominent religious and cultural district, known for the Arunachaleswarar Temple. The district's economy is supported by agriculture, particularly in the cultivation of paddy and groundnuts.
Viluppuram, with a population of around 3.5 million, is the largest district in Tamil Nadu by area. The district is primarily agricultural, producing paddy, sugarcane, and millets. It also has several industrial units and educational institutions.
Vellore, with a population of approximately 3.9 million, is a major centre for education and healthcare. The district is home to the Christian Medical College and Vellore Institute of Technology. Vellore is also known for its leather industry.
Tiruvarur, with a population of around 1.3 million, is known for its rich cultural heritage and agricultural productivity, particularly in the cultivation of paddy. The district is also home to the Thyagaraja Temple, a significant religious site.
Mayiladuthurai, with a population of about 1 million, was recently carved out of Nagapattinam and is known for its agricultural activities and historical significance. The district is a significant producer of rice and is home to several ancient temples.
Tenkasi, with a population of around 1.4 million, is known for its scenic landscapes and waterfalls, including the Courtallam Falls. The district's economy is supported by agriculture, particularly in the cultivation of paddy and spices.
Ranipet, with a population of approximately 1.2 million, is an industrial district known for its leather tanning and manufacturing units. The district also has significant agricultural activities.
Tirupattur, with a population of about 1.2 million, is known for its silk weaving and agricultural activities, particularly in the cultivation of paddy and groundnuts. The district also has several historical landmarks.
Chengalpattu, with a population of around 2.6 million, is an important industrial and residential district, forming part of the Chennai Metropolitan Area. The district has significant manufacturing units and IT parks.
Kallakurichi, with a population of approximately 1.4 million, is a significant agricultural district, producing paddy, sugarcane, and groundnuts. The district is also developing its industrial sector.
Tirupur, with a population of about 2.5 million, is a major textile hub, known for its knitwear exports. The district's economy is driven by its robust manufacturing sector and entrepreneurial activities.
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu, a state in southern India, is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, economic vitality, and significant contributions to the country’s progress. Covering an area of 130,058 square kilometres, Tamil Nadu is home to over 72 million people, making it one of India’s most populous states. Its capital, Chennai, is a bustling metropolis and a key centre for various industries, including automotive, technology, and healthcare.
Economically, Tamil Nadu is one of India’s most industrialised states, with a diverse economy that includes manufacturing, services, and agriculture. The state is a leading producer of textiles, leather, and agricultural products such as rice, sugarcane, and bananas. Tamil Nadu's Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) for 2022-2023 was approximately USD 260 billion, highlighting its economic significance.
Tamil Nadu is also a pioneer in renewable energy, contributing significantly to India's wind and solar power capacities. The state has an installed wind power capacity of over 8,500 MW and a solar power capacity exceeding 4,000 MW, positioning it as a leader in sustainable energy initiatives.
The educational landscape of Tamil Nadu is robust, with a literacy rate of 80.09%. The state boasts several prestigious institutions, including the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Anna University, and numerous other universities and colleges that attract students from across India and abroad.
Healthcare in Tamil Nadu is advanced, with Chennai being a major hub for medical tourism. The state offers a wide range of healthcare services, from primary care to advanced treatments, and is known for its high-quality medical infrastructure.
Culturally, Tamil Nadu is rich and diverse, with a history that dates back thousands of years. The state is famous for its classical dance form, Bharatanatyam, and its classical music, Carnatic music. Tamil Nadu is also home to numerous temples, many of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The temples in Mahabalipuram, known for their intricate rock-cut architecture, and the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, an example of Chola dynasty architecture, are significant tourist attractions.
Tourism is a major industry in Tamil Nadu, drawing millions of visitors each year to its historical sites, hill stations, and coastal areas. The state’s tourism sector is supported by its well-developed infrastructure, including an extensive network of roads, railways, and airports.
Tamil Nadu's social fabric is strengthened by its festivals, such as Pongal, a harvest festival celebrated with much fervour, and the Tamil New Year, which marks the beginning of the Tamil calendar. These festivals reflect the state's cultural richness and community spirit.
The state government has implemented various initiatives to promote economic growth, improve infrastructure, and enhance the quality of life for its residents. Programmes focusing on education, healthcare, and rural development have been pivotal in driving social progress in Tamil Nadu.
History
The history of Tamil Nadu is a rich and diverse tapestry, stretching back thousands of years and marked by a succession of dynasties, cultural achievements, and significant contributions to Indian civilisation. Located in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent, Tamil Nadu has been a crucible of Dravidian culture and traditions.
The earliest evidence of human habitation in Tamil Nadu dates back to the Palaeolithic period, with stone tools and artefacts discovered in various parts of the state. The Neolithic period saw the development of settled agricultural communities, as evidenced by archaeological finds in Adichanallur and other sites.
Tamil Nadu's recorded history begins with the Sangam period (circa 300 BCE to 300 CE), named after the Tamil Sangams, or literary academies, that flourished during this time. The Sangam literature, consisting of poems and epics, provides a vivid portrayal of the socio-political and cultural life of the ancient Tamils. This period saw the rise of three prominent dynasties: the Cholas, the Cheras, and the Pandyas, who ruled over different parts of Tamil Nadu and engaged in both conflict and cooperation.
The Chola dynasty, one of the longest-ruling dynasties in Indian history, reached its zenith under the reign of Raja Raja Chola I (985-1014 CE) and his son Rajendra Chola I (1014-1044 CE). The Cholas expanded their empire beyond the Indian subcontinent, establishing naval dominance and influencing regions in Southeast Asia, including present-day Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The architectural brilliance of the Cholas is exemplified by the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Pallavas, who rose to prominence in the 4th century CE, are credited with significant contributions to Tamil architecture and culture. Under the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I (630-668 CE), the rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram were constructed, showcasing intricate carvings and architectural innovation. The Pallavas also played a crucial role in the dissemination of Tamil culture and Hinduism to Southeast Asia.
The medieval period saw the rise of the Pandya dynasty, which reached its peak under Jatavarman Sundara Pandya I (1251-1268 CE). The Pandyas were known for their patronage of Tamil literature, art, and architecture. The Meenakshi Temple in Madurai, with its towering gopurams and elaborate sculptures, stands as a testament to Pandya architectural prowess.
The Vijayanagara Empire, which emerged in the 14th century, included Tamil Nadu as part of its vast dominion. The empire's influence is evident in the grand temples and urban planning of Hampi, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Vijayanagara rulers fostered trade, agriculture, and arts, leaving a lasting impact on the region's culture and economy.
The advent of European colonial powers in the 16th century marked a new chapter in Tamil Nadu's history. The Portuguese, Dutch, French, and British competed for control over the region, with the British ultimately establishing dominance. The British East India Company set up its headquarters in Madras (now Chennai) in 1640, which became a crucial administrative and commercial centre.
The colonial period saw significant socio-political changes, including the introduction of Western education, legal systems, and infrastructure. Tamil Nadu also became a hotbed of the Indian independence movement, with prominent leaders like C. Rajagopalachari, K. Kamaraj, and Subramania Bharathi playing pivotal roles in the struggle against British rule.
Post-independence, Tamil Nadu has continued to thrive as a major cultural, economic, and political hub in India. The state has made remarkable strides in various fields, including education, healthcare, industrialisation, and information technology.
Geography
Tamil Nadu, situated in the southernmost part of India, boasts a diverse and dynamic geography that has significantly influenced its culture, economy, and lifestyle. Covering an area of 130,058 square kilometres, Tamil Nadu is bordered by the Eastern Ghats to the north, the Nilgiri and Anamalai Hills to the west, the Bay of Bengal to the east, and the Indian Ocean to the south. Its geographical features range from mountainous terrains to fertile plains, lush forests, and an extensive coastline.
Topography
Tamil Nadu's topography is characterised by its distinct landforms. The state can be broadly divided into five physiographic regions:
Coastal Plains
Stretching along the eastern seaboard, these plains are home to significant cities such as Chennai, Cuddalore, and Nagapattinam. The fertile alluvial soil in these regions supports intensive agriculture, with crops like rice, sugarcane, and pulses.
Eastern Ghats
Running parallel to the coast, the Eastern Ghats consist of discontinuous ranges of low hills. The Javadi Hills and the Shevaroy Hills are prominent sub-ranges. These hills are rich in minerals and forest resources.
Western Ghats
The Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, form the western boundary of Tamil Nadu. The Nilgiri Hills, with Doddabetta Peak being the highest at 2,637 metres, and the Anamalai Hills are significant ranges. These areas are known for their biodiversity and are home to several wildlife sanctuaries and hill stations like Ooty and Kodaikanal.
Central Plateau
The central part of Tamil Nadu comprises a plateau region, marked by rolling hills and valleys. The plateau is drained by several rivers, including the Palar, Cheyyar, and Vellar, contributing to the state's agricultural productivity.
River Basins
The river basins of Tamil Nadu, primarily formed by the Kaveri, Vaigai, and Thamirabarani rivers, are among the most fertile regions in India. The Kaveri River basin, often referred to as the 'rice bowl' of Tamil Nadu, supports extensive irrigation and agriculture.
Climate
Tamil Nadu experiences a tropical climate, with variations influenced by its topography. The state has three main seasons: summer (March to June), monsoon (July to December), and winter (January to February).
Summer
Temperatures can soar up to 40°C, particularly in the interior regions. Coastal areas, moderated by sea breezes, experience slightly lower temperatures.
Monsoon
Tamil Nadu receives rainfall from both the Southwest Monsoon (June to September) and the Northeast Monsoon (October to December). The latter is the primary source of rainfall, accounting for over 50% of the state's annual precipitation, which averages around 945 mm.
Winter
Winters are mild, with temperatures ranging between 20°C and 25°C. The hill stations experience cooler temperatures, sometimes dropping below 10°C.
Natural Resources
Tamil Nadu is endowed with rich natural resources. The Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats are significant sources of minerals such as limestone, bauxite, and gypsum. The forests, covering about 17.59% of the state's total area, are home to valuable timber and non-timber products.
The state has a long coastline of about 1,076 kilometres, providing ample opportunities for fishing and aquaculture. Major fishing harbours include Chennai, Tuticorin, and Nagapattinam. The coastal areas also support salt production and the cultivation of casuarina and coconut.
Biodiversity
Tamil Nadu is a biodiversity hotspot with several protected areas, including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves. Notable ones include:
Mudumalai National Park
Located in the Nilgiri Hills, it is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and home to elephants, tigers, and various bird species.
Anamalai Tiger Reserve
Situated in the Anamalai Hills, it is known for its diverse flora and fauna, including the Indian elephant and Bengal tiger.
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park
This marine park, consisting of 21 small islands and adjacent coral reefs, is renowned for its marine biodiversity, including endangered species like the dugong.
Agriculture
Agriculture is a crucial sector in Tamil Nadu, with about 60% of the population engaged in farming and related activities. The state is a leading producer of rice, sugarcane, bananas, and turmeric. The Kaveri Delta, often called the 'Granary of South India,' is particularly important for paddy cultivation.
Irrigation plays a vital role in Tamil Nadu's agriculture, with major irrigation projects like the Mettur Dam and the Palar Anaicut system supporting extensive agricultural activities. The state has also made strides in modern agricultural practices, including precision farming and micro-irrigation.
Demographics
Tamil Nadu, located in the southern part of India, is one of the country's most populous and culturally rich states. As of the 2011 Census, Tamil Nadu has a population of approximately 72.1 million, making it the seventh most populous state in India. The state's demographics are characterised by a diverse mix of ethnic groups, languages, religions, and social structures.
Population Growth and Distribution
Over the past few decades, Tamil Nadu has experienced significant population growth. According to the 2011 Census, the state’s population density stands at 555 persons per square kilometre, which is higher than the national average. Urbanisation in Tamil Nadu is notably advanced, with around 48.4% of the population living in urban areas, making it one of the most urbanised states in India. Major urban centres include Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, and Tiruchirappalli.
Age and Gender Composition
The demographic profile of Tamil Nadu reveals a balanced age distribution, with a significant portion of the population in the working-age group. The age group of 0-14 years constitutes about 24.5% of the population, while 64.1% are in the 15-59 age group, and 11.4% are aged 60 and above.
The sex ratio in Tamil Nadu is favourable compared to many other states in India, with 996 females for every 1,000 males as per the 2011 Census. This ratio reflects a progressive trend towards gender equality.
Literacy and Education
Tamil Nadu boasts a high literacy rate of 80.09%, with male literacy at 86.77% and female literacy at 73.44%. The state has made substantial investments in education, resulting in a robust educational infrastructure comprising numerous schools, colleges, and universities. Notable institutions include the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Anna University, and the University of Madras. The state’s emphasis on education has contributed to its skilled workforce and economic development.
Language and Ethnicity
Tamil is the official language and is spoken by the majority of the population. It is one of the oldest languages in the world, with a rich literary and cultural heritage. Besides Tamil, other languages spoken in the state include Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, and Urdu, reflecting the state's ethnic diversity.
Tamil Nadu is predominantly inhabited by Tamils, who form the major ethnic group. However, there are also significant communities of Telugus, Malayalis, Kannadigas, and Marathis, among others. The state’s diverse ethnic composition contributes to its rich cultural tapestry.
Religion
Tamil Nadu is known for its religious diversity and tolerance. Hinduism is the predominant religion, followed by about 88% of the population. The state is home to several important Hindu temples, including those in Madurai, Rameswaram, and Kanchipuram, which attract millions of pilgrims annually.
Christianity and Islam are also significant religions in Tamil Nadu. Christians constitute about 6% of the population, with notable communities in Chennai, Kanyakumari, and Tiruchirappalli. The Christian community in Tamil Nadu includes Roman Catholics, Protestants, and various other denominations. Islam is practised by around 6% of the population, with vibrant Muslim communities in cities such as Chennai, Tiruchirappalli, and Coimbatore. The state also has smaller communities of Jains, Buddhists, and Sikhs.
Economy and Employment
The economy of Tamil Nadu is diverse and robust, contributing significantly to India’s overall economic landscape. The state has a Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of approximately USD 260 billion as of 2022-2023. Key sectors include manufacturing, agriculture, textiles, information technology, and services. Tamil Nadu is a leading producer of automobiles, electronics, and textiles, with a strong industrial base in cities like Chennai, Coimbatore, and Tiruppur.
Employment patterns in Tamil Nadu reflect its economic diversity. Agriculture employs a significant portion of the population, particularly in rural areas. However, there has been a shift towards non-agricultural sectors, with increasing employment in industries, services, and the IT sector. Tamil Nadu is home to several Special Economic Zones (SEZs) that attract investment and generate employment.
Social Indicators
Tamil Nadu has made considerable progress in improving social indicators such as health, sanitation, and infrastructure. The state’s life expectancy at birth is approximately 72 years, higher than the national average. Tamil Nadu's healthcare infrastructure is advanced, with numerous hospitals, medical colleges, and healthcare facilities providing quality care. The state also has a robust public health system, which has been instrumental in controlling diseases and improving health outcomes.
The state’s Human Development Index (HDI) is one of the highest in India, reflecting its achievements in education, health, and standard of living. Tamil Nadu's progressive social policies and welfare programmes have contributed to reducing poverty and improving the quality of life for its residents.
