Explore the map of Meghalaya, a state in northeastern India, spans approximately 22,429 square kilometres and has a population of about 3 million people as per the 2011 Census. The state's capital, Shillong, is known as the "Scotland of the East" for its picturesque landscapes and temperate climate. Meghalaya is predominantly inhabited by the Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes, who retain a rich cultural heritage. The state receives some of the highest rainfall in the world, particularly in Cherrapunji and Mawsynram. Agriculture, including crops like rice and maize, is a primary economic activity, while tourism is a growing sector due to its natural beauty and biodiversity.
Explore the Meghalaya district map showing the 11 districts, district headquarters and capital of Meghalaya state in India.
List of Districts of Meghalaya
S.N.
District
Headquarters
Area (km²)
Population (2011)
Established
Divison
1
East Garo Hills
Williamnagar
2,603
317,917
1976
Garo Hills
2
East Jaintia Hills
Khliehriat
2,126
395,124
2012
Jaintia Hills
3
East Khasi Hills
Shillong
2,752
825,922
1976
Khasi Hills
4
North Garo Hills
Resubelpara
1,113
118,325
1992
Garo Hills
5
Ri-Bhoi
Nongpoh
2,378
258,840
1992
Khasi Hills
6
South Garo Hills
Baghmara
1,850
142,334
1992
Garo Hills
7
South West Garo Hills
Ampati
822
172,495
2012
Garo Hills
8
South West Khasi Hills
Mawkyrwat
1,341
110,152
2012
Khasi Hills
9
West Garo Hills
Tura
3,714
643,291
1976
Garo Hills
10
West Jaintia Hills
Jowai
1,693
270,352
2012
Jaintia Hills
11
West Khasi Hills
Nongstoin
5,247
383,461
1976
Khasi Hills
Districts of Meghalaya
Meghalaya, a state in northeastern India, is divided into 12 districts, each with its own distinctive characteristics and administrative significance. These districts facilitate local governance and contribute to the state's development and cultural diversity.
East Khasi Hills
This district houses the state capital, Shillong, known for its educational institutions, cultural heritage, and scenic beauty. With a population of around 354,325, it is the most urbanised district in Meghalaya.
West Khasi Hills
Known for its rolling hills and rich cultural traditions, this district has a predominantly rural population engaged in agriculture and traditional crafts.
South West Khasi Hills
This district is known for its picturesque landscapes and traditional Khasi culture. It is one of the smaller districts in terms of population and area.
Ri Bhoi
Located in the northern part of the state, Ri Bhoi is an important agricultural district. It has seen significant infrastructural development due to its proximity to Assam.
West Jaintia Hills
This district is rich in mineral resources, particularly limestone, contributing significantly to Meghalaya’s economy. Jowai, the district headquarters, is known for its cultural festivals and scenic spots.
East Jaintia Hills
Carved out from the West Jaintia Hills, this district focuses on mining and agriculture. The district headquarters is Khliehriat.
West Garo Hills
One of the largest districts by area, it is known for its biodiversity and cultural heritage. Tura, the second-largest town in Meghalaya, serves as the district headquarters.
East Garo Hills
This district is characterised by its rugged terrain and rich natural resources. Williamnagar, the district headquarters, is a hub for administrative activities.
South Garo Hills
Known for its wildlife sanctuaries and natural beauty, this district is sparsely populated and primarily rural.
North Garo Hills
One of the newer districts, it was created to facilitate better administration and development. Resubelpara is the district headquarters.
South West Garo Hills
Another recently formed district, it focuses on improving local governance and infrastructure. Ampati is the district headquarters.
Eastern West Khasi Hills
The newest district, created to enhance administrative efficiency and local governance.
Each district in Meghalaya plays a crucial role in the state’s administration, development, and cultural preservation. With a total population of about 3 million, these districts collectively contribute to Meghalaya’s unique identity, characterised by its diverse tribes, rich traditions, and commitment to sustainable development.
Meghalaya
Meghalaya, located in northeastern India, is a state renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and rich cultural heritage. Covering an area of approximately 22,429 square kilometres, it is home to a population of about 3 million people, according to the 2011 Census. The state capital, Shillong, often referred to as the "Scotland of the East," is famous for its rolling hills, temperate climate, and colonial-era charm.
The state's population is predominantly comprised of three major tribal groups: the Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes. These communities maintain distinct cultural practices and languages, contributing to Meghalaya's diverse cultural tapestry. Khasi and Garo are the principal languages spoken, alongside English, which is the official language.
Meghalaya is characterised by its unique climatic conditions, with Cherrapunji and Mawsynram holding records for some of the highest annual rainfall in the world. This abundant rainfall supports the state's lush forests and diverse ecosystems, making it a biodiversity hotspot. The state's varied topography includes mountains, valleys, and numerous rivers and waterfalls, attracting nature enthusiasts and tourists alike.
Economically, Meghalaya relies heavily on agriculture, with rice and maize being the primary crops. The state is also known for its horticulture, producing a variety of fruits such as oranges, pineapples, and bananas. Additionally, Meghalaya has rich mineral resources, including coal and limestone, which contribute to its economy.
Tourism is a rapidly growing sector in Meghalaya, with attractions such as the living root bridges of Cherrapunji, the clean village of Mawlynnong, and the scenic Umiam Lake drawing visitors from across the globe. The state's emphasis on sustainable tourism practices aims to preserve its natural beauty and cultural heritage.
Educationally, Meghalaya boasts a high literacy rate, with institutions like North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU) playing a significant role in higher education. The state government is committed to improving infrastructure and educational facilities to foster further development.
History
Meghalaya, a state in northeastern India, has a history that is as rich and varied as its landscapes. The region, predominantly inhabited by the Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes, has a long history of tribal autonomy and cultural richness. The name "Meghalaya," meaning "abode of clouds" in Sanskrit, aptly describes its high-altitude, cloud-covered terrain.
Historically, the Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes maintained independent self-governing systems. The Khasis practised a matrilineal system of inheritance and governance, which remains a distinctive feature of their culture. The British colonisation in the 19th century marked a significant turning point. The region was incorporated into British India, and the tribes came under the administrative jurisdiction of Assam.
Post-independence, Meghalaya continued as part of Assam, but growing aspirations for autonomy among the hill tribes led to political movements for a separate state. The All Party Hill Leaders Conference (APHLC) played a crucial role in advocating for statehood. Their efforts bore fruit when Meghalaya was accorded the status of an autonomous state within Assam on 2nd April 1970, under the Assam Reorganisation (Meghalaya) Act of 1969.
Full statehood was achieved on 21st January 1972, with Shillong as its capital. The formation of Meghalaya as the 21st state of India was a significant milestone, marking the culmination of the political and cultural aspirations of its people. Since then, Meghalaya has developed its unique identity within the Indian union, balancing modernity with the preservation of its indigenous cultures.
Today, Meghalaya is celebrated for its vibrant festivals, traditional music and dances, and the enduring matrilineal social system of the Khasi and Jaintia tribes. Its history of resilience and cultural pride continues to shape its path towards development and progress.
Geography
Meghalaya, a state in northeastern India, is renowned for its diverse and picturesque geography. Covering an area of approximately 22,429 square kilometres, it is bordered by Assam to the north and east and Bangladesh to the south and southwest. The state is predominantly hilly, with the Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo Hills forming its major topographical features.
The state’s terrain is marked by undulating hills, valleys, and numerous rivers and waterfalls. Cherrapunji and Mawsynram, located in the Khasi Hills, are globally famous for receiving some of the highest annual rainfall, making them the wettest places on earth. This heavy rainfall has created a lush landscape with dense forests and vibrant biodiversity.
The Khasi Hills, centrally located, are home to Shillong, the state capital, which sits at an elevation of about 1,525 metres above sea level. Shillong is known for its moderate climate and scenic beauty. The Jaintia Hills, situated to the east of the Khasi Hills, are rich in minerals such as coal and limestone, contributing significantly to the state's economy.
To the west, the Garo Hills are characterised by lower elevations and a warmer climate. This region is known for its wildlife sanctuaries, such as the Nokrek National Park, which is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The Garo Hills are also famous for their traditional agriculture, including the cultivation of betel nut and cashew.
Meghalaya's river systems, including the Umiam, Myntdu, and Simsang rivers, play a crucial role in irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. The Umiam Lake, also known as Barapani, is a significant tourist attraction and a source of water for the state.
The state’s forests, which cover over 70% of its area, are rich in flora and fauna. These forests are home to numerous endemic species, making Meghalaya a vital region for conservation. The living root bridges of Cherrapunji, created by training the roots of rubber trees, are unique natural wonders that attract visitors from around the world.
Demographics
Meghalaya, a state in northeastern India, has a diverse demographic profile shaped by its rich cultural heritage and indigenous communities. According to the 2011 Census, the state has a population of approximately 3 million people, making it one of India's least populous states. The population density stands at about 132 persons per square kilometre, reflecting the state's predominantly rural character.
The majority of Meghalaya's population belongs to three major tribal groups: the Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes. The Khasis, constituting around 48% of the population, predominantly reside in the central and eastern parts of the state, including the capital city, Shillong. The Garos, making up about 34% of the population, inhabit the western regions, primarily the Garo Hills. The Jaintias, comprising approximately 18% of the population, are concentrated in the Jaintia Hills in the eastern part of the state.
Meghalaya has a predominantly young population, with a significant proportion under the age of 35. This youthful demographic has implications for the state's education and employment sectors, driving policies focused on youth development and skill enhancement. The literacy rate in Meghalaya is commendably high at 75.48%, with notable gender parity in education.
Christianity is the dominant religion in Meghalaya, adhered to by over 74% of the population. The influence of Christian missionaries, particularly during the British colonial period, is evident in the widespread presence of churches and mission schools. Hinduism, followed by about 12%, and indigenous religions practised by smaller tribal communities also contribute to the state's religious diversity.
The state's official languages are English and Khasi, with Garo and Jaintia widely spoken in their respective regions. English is the medium of instruction in schools and is used for official communication, reflecting the state's high literacy and educational standards.
Urbanisation in Meghalaya is primarily centred in Shillong, the largest city and administrative capital, with a population of around 354,325. Other significant urban centres include Tura in the Garo Hills and Jowai in the Jaintia Hills. Despite this, a large portion of the population lives in rural areas, engaged in agriculture, forestry, and traditional crafts.
