Explore the map of Jharkhand, located in eastern India, was formed on 15th November 2000. The state spans 79,714 square kilometres and has a population of approximately 33 million. Jharkhand is rich in natural resources, contributing significantly to India's mineral wealth with reserves of coal, iron ore, copper, and bauxite. Ranchi, the state capital, is a major hub for commerce and industry. Jharkhand's economy is primarily driven by mining, agriculture, and forestry. The state's diverse tribal culture, scenic landscapes, including the picturesque Hundru Falls and Betla National Park, add to its unique identity. Despite its natural wealth, Jharkhand faces challenges in socio-economic development and infrastructure.
Explore the Jharkhand district map showing the 24 districts, district headquarters and capital of Jharkhand state in India.
List of Districts of Jharkhand
S.N.
Districts
Code
Headquarters
Population (2011)
Population Density (/km2)
Area (km2)
1
Bokaro
BO
Bokaro Steel City
2,062,330
715
2,383
2
Chatra
CH
Chatra
1,042,886
280
3,718
3
Deoghar
DE
Deoghar
1,492,073
602
2,477
4
Dhanbad
DH
Dhanbad
2,684,487
1316
2,040
5
Dumka
DU
Dumka
1,321,442
351
3,761
6
East Singhbhum
ES
Jamshedpur
2,293,919
644
3,562
7
Garhwa
GA
Garhwa
1,322,784
323
4,093
8
Giridih
GI
Giridih
2,445,474
493
4,962
9
Godda
GO
Godda
1,313,551
580
2,266
10
Gumla
GU
Gumla
1,025,213
191
5,360
11
Hazaribagh
HA
Hazaribagh
1,734,495
488
3,555
12
Jamtara
Jamtara
791,042
437
1,811
13
Khunti
Khunti
531,885
210
2,535
14
Kodarma
KO
Kodarma
716,259
282
2,540
15
Latehar
Latehar
726,978
169
4,291
16
Lohardaga
LO
Lohardaga
461,790
307
1,502
17
Pakur
PK
Pakur
900,422
497
1,811
18
Palamu
PL
Medininagar
1,939,869
442
4,393
19
Ramgarh
Ramgarh Cantonment
949,443
708
1,341
20
Ranchi
RA
Ranchi
2,914,253
572
5,097
21
Sahibganj
SA
Sahibganj
1,150,567
558
2,063
22
Saraikela Kharsawan
Saraikela
1,065,056
401
2,657
23
Simdega
Simdega
599,578
159
3,774
24
West Singhbhum
WS
Chaibasa
1,502,338
208
7,224
Districts of Jharkhand
Jharkhand, located in eastern India, is divided into 24 districts, each contributing uniquely to its cultural richness and economic growth. These districts are administered under five divisions: South Chotanagpur, North Chotanagpur, Palamu, Kolhan, and Santhal Pargana. Here is an overview of some of the key districts:
Ranchi
Ranchi, the capital city of Jharkhand, serves as the administrative and educational hub. With a population of approximately 1.2 million, it is known for its educational institutions like Ranchi University and Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Ranchi. Ranchi is also a centre for industrial activities and hosts several government and private sector undertakings.
Jamshedpur (East Singhbhum)
Jamshedpur, located in East Singhbhum district, is an industrial powerhouse, home to Tata Steel, one of the largest steel manufacturing companies in India. The city is known for its well-planned infrastructure, educational institutions, and vibrant cultural life. East Singhbhum has a population of around 2.3 million, with Jamshedpur contributing significantly to the district's economy.
Dhanbad
Dhanbad, known as the "Coal Capital of India," is the district's major urban centre and plays a crucial role in Jharkhand's economy. The district is home to numerous coal mines, managed by Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL). With a population of about 2.7 million, Dhanbad is also renowned for its educational institutions, including the prestigious Indian School of Mines (ISM).
Bokaro
Bokaro is famous for the Bokaro Steel Plant, one of the largest in the country. The district's economy is driven by steel production, mining, and industrial activities. Bokaro city, the district headquarters, has a population of around 2 million and is known for its modern infrastructure and educational facilities, such as the Bokaro Ispat Vidyalayas.
Hazaribagh
Hazaribagh, with a population of approximately 1.7 million, is known for its scenic beauty and historical significance. The district is rich in mineral resources, including coal, mica, and limestone. Hazaribagh National Park, a major attraction, is home to diverse wildlife. The district also plays a role in agriculture, producing rice, maize, and pulses.
Palamu
Palamu is notable for its rich forest resources and wildlife sanctuaries. With a population of around 1.9 million, the district's economy is primarily agrarian, supplemented by forest-based industries. The Betla National Park and Palamu Tiger Reserve are key attractions, drawing tourists and conservationists alike.
Deoghar
Deoghar, part of the Santhal Pargana division, is an important religious centre, known for the Baidyanath Temple, one of the twelve Jyotirlingas. The district has a population of about 1.5 million and is also known for its scenic beauty and cultural heritage. The annual Shravani Mela attracts millions of devotees from across the country.
Dumka
Dumka, the headquarters of the Santhal Pargana division, is predominantly a tribal district with a population of approximately 1.3 million. The district's economy is based on agriculture, forestry, and small-scale industries. Dumka is also known for its cultural diversity and tribal festivals.
Giridih
Giridih, with a population of around 2.5 million, is rich in mineral resources, particularly coal and mica. The district's economy is supported by mining, agriculture, and forestry. Giridih is also known for the Parasnath Hill, a major Jain pilgrimage site, and its scenic landscapes.
Latehar
Latehar, located in the Palamu division, is known for its dense forests and natural beauty. With a population of about 700,000, the district is primarily agrarian, with significant contributions from forest-based industries. Latehar is also home to the Betla National Park, which is a major tourist attraction.
Jharkhand
Jharkhand, established on 15th November 2000, is a state in eastern India known for its rich mineral resources and diverse cultural heritage. Covering an area of 79,714 square kilometres, Jharkhand has a population of approximately 33 million people, according to the 2011 Census. Ranchi serves as the state capital, and other major cities include Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, and Bokaro.
Natural Resources and Economy
Jharkhand is endowed with a wealth of natural resources, contributing significantly to India's mineral output. The state is a leading producer of coal, iron ore, copper, bauxite, and uranium. Major industrial hubs like Jamshedpur and Bokaro host some of the country's largest steel plants and industrial units, driving economic growth.
Agriculture also plays a crucial role in Jharkhand's economy, with key crops including rice, wheat, maize, and pulses. The state is focusing on improving agricultural practices and infrastructure to enhance productivity and support rural livelihoods.
Culture and Heritage
Jharkhand is home to a rich tapestry of tribal cultures, with around 32% of its population belonging to various indigenous tribes such as Santhal, Munda, and Oraon. These communities have preserved their unique traditions, languages, and festivals, which significantly contribute to the state's cultural landscape. The annual Karam and Sarhul festivals are celebrated with great enthusiasm and reflect the deep connection of the tribal communities with nature.
Geography and Climate
The state's topography is characterised by dense forests, rolling hills, and numerous waterfalls, making it a scenic destination. Notable natural attractions include the Hundru Falls, Dassam Falls, and the Betla National Park, which is home to diverse flora and fauna. The climate in Jharkhand varies from humid subtropical in the northern and central parts to tropical wet and dry in the southern region.
Education and Health
Jharkhand is making strides in improving its educational and healthcare infrastructure. The state is home to reputable institutions such as the Indian School of Mines (ISM) in Dhanbad and XLRI in Jamshedpur. However, challenges remain in achieving higher literacy rates and better health outcomes, particularly in rural and tribal areas. Efforts are ongoing to expand access to quality education and healthcare services across the state.
Infrastructure and Development
Infrastructure development is a key focus for Jharkhand, with investments in roads, railways, and energy projects aimed at boosting connectivity and economic growth. The state government is working on various initiatives to attract investment and promote industrialisation, while also ensuring sustainable development practices to protect its natural resources.
Challenges and Opportunities
Despite its resource richness, Jharkhand faces challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and inadequate infrastructure. The state is working to address these issues through various development programs and policies aimed at inclusive growth. Jharkhand's potential for eco-tourism, given its natural beauty and cultural heritage, offers opportunities for sustainable economic development.
History
Jharkhand, a state in eastern India, has a rich and complex history that spans from ancient times to its establishment as a separate state on 15th November 2000. The region has witnessed the rise and fall of various empires, the struggle for independence, and significant socio-economic transformations.
Ancient and Medieval Period
The history of Jharkhand dates back to prehistoric times, with evidence of human settlements and rock paintings found in various parts of the state. The region was known as the "land of forests" and was inhabited by various tribal communities who practiced agriculture and hunting.
During the ancient period, Jharkhand was part of the Magadha Empire and later the Maurya and Gupta Empires. The tribal communities in the region maintained a significant degree of autonomy, preserving their unique culture and traditions. The medieval period saw the region coming under the influence of various dynasties, including the Nagvanshis, Chero, and the Rajputs. The Nagvanshi dynasty, in particular, ruled parts of Jharkhand for several centuries, with their capital at Chotanagpur.
Colonial Period
The advent of British colonial rule in the 18th century marked a significant turning point in Jharkhand's history. The British East India Company gradually established control over the region, exploiting its rich mineral resources. The colonial period was characterised by the exploitation of the tribal communities, leading to widespread discontent and several uprisings.
One of the most notable uprisings was the Santhal Rebellion (1855-1856), led by tribal leaders Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu. This revolt was a reaction to the oppressive policies of the British and the exploitative practices of moneylenders and landlords. Although the rebellion was eventually suppressed, it laid the foundation for future resistance movements.
Post-Independence Era
After India gained independence in 1947, Jharkhand remained part of Bihar. However, the demand for a separate state for the tribal population and the region's unique socio-cultural identity gained momentum. The Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM), founded by leaders like Binod Bihari Mahato and Shibu Soren, played a crucial role in advocating for statehood. The movement highlighted the need for focused development and preservation of tribal culture.
Formation of Jharkhand
The persistent efforts of the Jharkhand movement leaders and the support of the local population culminated in the creation of Jharkhand as a separate state on 15th November 2000. The new state was formed by carving out 18 districts from Bihar, with Ranchi as its capital. The formation of Jharkhand was aimed at addressing the region's developmental needs and ensuring better governance.
Modern Jharkhand
Since its formation, Jharkhand has made significant strides in various sectors, including mining, agriculture, and education. The state is rich in mineral resources, contributing to India's industrial growth. Major cities like Ranchi, Jamshedpur, and Dhanbad have become industrial hubs, attracting investments and providing employment opportunities.
However, the state also faces challenges such as poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and social disparities. The government is working on various initiatives to promote inclusive growth, improve infrastructure, and enhance the quality of life for its residents.
Cultural Heritage
Jharkhand's cultural heritage is a blend of tribal traditions and influences from various historical periods. The state is home to numerous tribal communities, each with its distinct customs, languages, and festivals. Festivals like Sarhul, Karma, and Sohrai are celebrated with great enthusiasm, reflecting the deep connection of the tribal population with nature.
Geography
Jharkhand, a state in eastern India, is characterised by a diverse and rich geography that contributes significantly to its economy and culture. Spanning an area of 79,714 square kilometres, Jharkhand is bordered by Bihar to the north, West Bengal to the east, Odisha to the south, Chhattisgarh to the west, and Uttar Pradesh to the northwest.
Topography
Jharkhand's topography is predominantly hilly and forested, with the Chotanagpur Plateau covering a major portion of the state. This plateau, part of the Deccan Plateau, is divided into several smaller plateaus such as the Ranchi, Hazaribagh, and Koderma plateaus. The average elevation ranges from 700 to 1,000 metres, with the highest peak being Parasnath Hill at 1,365 metres.
Rivers
The state is crisscrossed by numerous rivers, the most significant being the Damodar, Subarnarekha, Koel, Mayurakshi, and Barakar rivers. These rivers are vital for irrigation, drinking water, and hydroelectric power generation. The Damodar Valley, often referred to as the "Ruhr of India," is particularly notable for its industrial importance, hosting several thermal power plants and industrial projects.
Climate
Jharkhand experiences a tropical climate with three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter. Summers (March to June) can be quite hot, with temperatures reaching up to 40°C. The monsoon season (July to September) brings substantial rainfall, averaging around 1,200 mm annually, essential for agriculture. Winters (October to February) are mild and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C.
Forests and Biodiversity
Approximately 29.61% of Jharkhand's total area is forested, making it one of the most densely forested states in India. The forests are primarily deciduous, featuring sal, bamboo, and teak trees. These forests are home to a rich biodiversity, including elephants, tigers, leopards, and various species of deer and birds. The Betla National Park, Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, and Palamau Tiger Reserve are key conservation areas that protect this biodiversity.
Mineral Resources
Jharkhand is abundantly rich in mineral resources, which play a pivotal role in its economy. The state is one of the leading producers of coal, iron ore, copper, bauxite, and uranium in India. The mineral wealth has led to the establishment of several major industrial centres, including Bokaro, Jamshedpur, and Dhanbad, which host steel plants, coal mines, and other industrial facilities.
Agriculture
Agriculture is a significant part of Jharkhand's economy, with rice, wheat, maize, pulses, and oilseeds being the primary crops. The state's hilly terrain and forest cover also support horticulture, with fruits such as mangoes, bananas, and papayas being widely cultivated. The fertile river valleys enhance the agricultural productivity of the state, although irrigation infrastructure development is still ongoing to maximise output.
Waterfalls and Natural Attractions
Jharkhand is known for its picturesque waterfalls, which are major tourist attractions. The Hundru Falls, Dassam Falls, Jonha Falls, and Lodh Falls are some of the most famous, offering scenic beauty and opportunities for eco-tourism. These waterfalls, along with the lush green forests and hilly landscapes, make Jharkhand a desirable destination for nature enthusiasts.
Urban Centres
Major urban centres in Jharkhand include Ranchi (the state capital), Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, and Bokaro. Ranchi serves as the administrative and educational hub, while Jamshedpur, founded by the Tata Group, is a significant industrial city known for its steel production. Dhanbad is renowned for its coal mining industry, and Bokaro hosts one of the largest steel plants in the country.
Demographics
Jharkhand, located in eastern India, has a diverse demographic profile characterised by a rich mix of tribal and non-tribal populations. According to the 2011 Census, the state has a population of approximately 33 million, making it the 14th most populous state in India. The demographic landscape of Jharkhand reflects its unique cultural heritage, social structure, and economic activities.
Population Distribution
Jharkhand's population is distributed across its 24 districts, with significant urban centres like Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, and Bokaro. Ranchi, the state capital, is the most populous city, serving as an administrative and educational hub. Jamshedpur is a major industrial city, known for its steel production, while Dhanbad is renowned for its coal mining industry.
Tribal Population
Tribal communities constitute a substantial part of Jharkhand's population, accounting for approximately 26.2% of the total population. The state is home to 32 recognised Scheduled Tribes (ST), including Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Ho, and Kharia. These tribes have preserved their distinct languages, traditions, and cultural practices. Festivals such as Sarhul, Karma, and Sohrai are integral to their cultural identity and are celebrated with great enthusiasm.
Literacy and Education
Jharkhand has made significant strides in improving literacy rates, which stood at 66.41% according to the 2011 Census. The male literacy rate is 76.84%, while the female literacy rate is 55.42%, highlighting a gender disparity that the state is working to address. Educational institutions like the Indian School of Mines (ISM) in Dhanbad and Xavier School of Management (XLRI) in Jamshedpur contribute to the state's educational development.
Language and Religion
Hindi is the official language of Jharkhand, widely spoken and used in administration. Tribal languages such as Santhali, Ho, Kurukh, and Mundari are also spoken by the indigenous communities. Other languages include Bengali, Urdu, and Oriya, reflecting the state's linguistic diversity.
In terms of religion, Hinduism is the predominant faith, followed by 67.8% of the population. Islam is practiced by 14.5%, and Christianity by 4.3%. A significant proportion of the tribal population follows indigenous religions and animistic practices.
Age and Gender Distribution
The demographic profile of Jharkhand reveals a youthful population, with a significant proportion in the working-age group. The state has a sex ratio of 948 females for every 1,000 males, which is slightly below the national average. Efforts are ongoing to improve gender equality and empower women through various social and economic initiatives.
Health and Life Expectancy
Jharkhand's healthcare infrastructure is developing, with ongoing efforts to improve access to medical facilities and services. The state has numerous public and private hospitals, as well as community health centres in rural areas. Life expectancy in Jharkhand is approximately 67 years, with initiatives in place to address health challenges such as maternal and child health, malnutrition, and infectious diseases.
Urbanisation
Jharkhand is undergoing rapid urbanisation, with about 24.1% of the population residing in urban areas. This urban growth is driven by industrialisation, particularly in cities like Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, and Bokaro. The state is focusing on developing urban infrastructure, including transportation, housing, and sanitation, to support this growth.
Migration and Workforce
Jharkhand experiences both in-migration and out-migration. Many people migrate to Jharkhand for employment opportunities in the mining and industrial sectors. Conversely, a significant number of residents migrate to other states and metropolitan areas in search of better employment and living conditions. The state's workforce is diverse, encompassing skilled professionals, industrial workers, and agricultural labourers.
Socio-Economic Indicators
Despite its rich natural resources, Jharkhand faces challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and underdevelopment in rural areas. The state government is implementing various schemes to improve socio-economic conditions, focusing on education, healthcare, infrastructure, and rural development. Programmes aimed at skill development and employment generation are also being prioritised to uplift the economically weaker sections of society.
