Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is a union territory in western India, formed by the merger of two separate territories in January 2020. Covering an area of 603 square kilometres, it is one of the smallest union territories in India. The region has a population of approximately 586,000, according to the 2011 Census. Economically, it is known for its industrial sector, particularly in textiles, plastics, and chemicals, supported by a favourable tax regime. The region also has a rich cultural heritage influenced by its Portuguese colonial past, with several historic sites and natural attractions drawing visitors.
About Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Map
Explore Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory map, it was formed through combining of the previous union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
List of Districts of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
S.N.
Districts
Population (2011)
Density (/sq km)
Area (sq km)
1
Daman
190,855
2,650.76
72
2
Diu
52,056
1,301.40
40
3
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
342,853
698.27
491
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is a union territory located on the western coast of India, established in January 2020 by merging the former territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli with Daman and Diu. Covering a combined area of 603 square kilometres, it is one of India's smallest union territories, yet it holds significant cultural and economic importance.
Geography and Demographics
The union territory is geographically divided into two parts: Dadra and Nagar Haveli, nestled between Maharashtra and Gujarat, and Daman and Diu, two coastal enclaves along the Arabian Sea. The total population, as per the 2011 Census, is approximately 586,000, with Dadra and Nagar Haveli being more populous than Daman and Diu. The territory exhibits a rural-urban mix, with urbanisation being more prominent in Daman and Diu, where tourism and industry are more developed.
Economy
The economy of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is primarily driven by industry, tourism, and agriculture. The region's industrial sector is robust, particularly in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, where favourable tax policies have attracted numerous small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in textiles, plastics, chemicals, and electronics. Daman and Diu, on the other hand, are known for their tourism industry, drawing visitors to their beaches, historic Portuguese forts, and churches.
Agriculture also plays a role in the economy, especially in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, where the fertile plains support the cultivation of rice, ragi, and other crops. The government has been promoting sustainable agricultural practices to improve productivity and support rural livelihoods.
Cultural Heritage
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu boast a rich cultural heritage, deeply influenced by their historical ties to Portugal, which ruled the region until the mid-20th century. This colonial legacy is visible in the architecture, particularly in Daman and Diu, where Portuguese-style churches, forts, and houses still stand. The fusion of Indian and Portuguese cultures is also evident in the local cuisine, festivals, and traditions, making the region a unique cultural mosaic.
The region is home to various indigenous tribes, particularly in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, where communities like the Warlis, Koknas, and Dhodias maintain their traditional lifestyles and practices. The tribal art and craft, especially the Warli paintings, are well-regarded and contribute to the cultural richness of the territory.
Environmental and Developmental Challenges
While the union territory is economically vibrant, it faces several challenges, particularly in terms of environmental sustainability and infrastructure development. Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation have led to concerns about pollution, waste management, and the degradation of natural habitats. Coastal erosion in Daman and Diu and deforestation in Dadra and Nagar Haveli are pressing issues that require concerted efforts for conservation and sustainable development.
The government has initiated various programs to address these challenges, including promoting green industries, enhancing waste management practices, and investing in infrastructure to improve connectivity and quality of life for residents.
Governance
As a union territory, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu are directly administered by the central government of India, with a Lieutenant Governor serving as the head of the administration. The territory has its own legislative assembly, which was established following the merger in 2020, allowing for greater local governance and decision-making.
History
The history of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is deeply intertwined with the broader narrative of colonialism in India, particularly the Portuguese influence, which left an indelible mark on these regions. Located on the western coast of India, these territories have a rich historical tapestry that spans ancient tribal cultures, European colonisation, and eventual integration into the Indian Union. This detailed exploration delves into the historical evolution of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, from their early days to their current status as a union territory.
Ancient and Medieval History
The regions that now comprise Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu have a long history that predates European colonisation. Archaeological evidence suggests that these areas were inhabited by indigenous tribes such as the Warlis, Dhodias, and Koknas, who continue to maintain a presence in these regions today. These tribes had their own distinct cultures, languages, and social structures, which were largely centred around agriculture, hunting, and artisanal crafts.
During the medieval period, the regions were part of various local kingdoms and empires. Daman, for instance, was ruled by the Maurya and Satavahana dynasties and later became part of the Gujarat Sultanate. The strategic location of these coastal areas made them significant in terms of trade, particularly in the spice trade, which attracted various external powers, including the Portuguese.
Portuguese Colonisation
The most significant chapter in the history of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu began in the early 16th century with the arrival of the Portuguese. The Portuguese Empire, seeking to expand its control over the lucrative spice trade and establish a strong maritime presence in the Indian Ocean, began to assert its influence in the region.
Portuguese Control of Daman and Diu
The Portuguese first established control over Diu in 1535 after forming an alliance with the Sultan of Gujarat. Diu, strategically located on the Kathiawar Peninsula, became an important naval base for the Portuguese, helping them to secure their trade routes in the Arabian Sea. The capture of Daman followed in 1559, when the Portuguese seized it from the Gujarat Sultanate. Daman, located slightly north of Diu, became another crucial Portuguese outpost, facilitating their commercial and military activities in the region.
Both Daman and Diu flourished under Portuguese rule, becoming centres of trade, religion, and culture. The Portuguese built several forts, churches, and other colonial structures, many of which still stand today as important historical landmarks. The Basilica of Bom Jesus in Daman and the Fort of Diu are prime examples of Portuguese architecture and their enduring legacy in the region.
Portuguese Control of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Dadra and Nagar Haveli, unlike Daman and Diu, were not immediately brought under Portuguese control. It was only in 1779 that the Maratha Peshwa ceded these territories to the Portuguese in return for assistance against the British. The region remained under Portuguese administration, though it was relatively less developed compared to Daman and Diu. The Portuguese influence in Dadra and Nagar Haveli was less pronounced, with the region largely remaining rural and agrarian.
Resistance and Liberation
The Portuguese colonial rule in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu lasted for more than four centuries, during which the local populations experienced various degrees of integration and resistance. The Portuguese imposed their language, religion, and customs, which led to significant cultural changes, especially in Daman and Diu. However, by the 20th century, as nationalist movements gained momentum across India, resistance to Portuguese rule began to grow in these territories as well.
Nationalist Movements
The early 20th century saw the rise of nationalist sentiments in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, influenced by the broader Indian independence movement. Leaders such as Tristão de Bragança Cunha, known as the "Father of Goan Nationalism," played a crucial role in mobilising support against Portuguese rule. Although Cunha was primarily focused on Goa, his efforts inspired similar movements in other Portuguese-held territories, including Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
In 1954, a significant event occurred when local freedom fighters, with the support of Indian nationalist organisations, launched a successful campaign to liberate Dadra and Nagar Haveli from Portuguese control. The territories were effectively liberated on 2 August 1954, though they were not formally integrated into India until 1961.
Operation Vijay and Integration into India
The liberation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1954 set the stage for the eventual integration of all Portuguese-held territories in India. However, it was not until 1961 that the Indian government, under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, launched "Operation Vijay," a military operation aimed at liberating Goa, Daman, and Diu. The operation was swift and successful, with Indian forces taking control of Daman and Diu on 19 December 1961, effectively ending more than four centuries of Portuguese colonial rule in India.
Following their liberation, Daman and Diu were incorporated into the Indian Union as part of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman, and Diu. Dadra and Nagar Haveli, having already been liberated in 1954, were administered separately as a union territory.
Post-Independence Developments
After their integration into India, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu underwent significant socio-economic and political changes. The regions were relatively underdeveloped at the time of their liberation, with limited infrastructure and economic activities. The Indian government focused on integrating these territories into the national framework, promoting development, and preserving their unique cultural heritage.
Economic Development
Post-independence, the Indian government invested in the development of infrastructure, education, and healthcare in these territories. The implementation of favourable tax policies, such as exemptions under the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) scheme, attracted industries to Dadra and Nagar Haveli, leading to the establishment of numerous small and medium-sized enterprises in sectors like textiles, plastics, and chemicals. Daman and Diu, with their scenic coastal locations, became popular tourist destinations, contributing to the local economy.
Cultural Preservation
While promoting economic development, the Indian government also made efforts to preserve the unique cultural and architectural heritage of these regions. The Portuguese influence remains strong, particularly in Daman and Diu, where colonial-era churches, forts, and other structures are maintained as historical monuments. The local population continues to celebrate traditional festivals with a blend of Indian and Portuguese customs, reflecting the rich cultural syncretism of the region.
Governance and Administrative Changes
In January 2020, a significant administrative change occurred when the Government of India merged the union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu into a single union territory, named Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. This merger was part of a broader effort to streamline administration and governance, enabling better resource management and more efficient delivery of public services.
Contemporary Issues and Future Prospects
Today, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu are small but vibrant regions within India, known for their cultural diversity, economic potential, and historical significance. However, they also face challenges related to sustainable development, environmental conservation, and social integration.
Sustainable Development
The rapid industrialisation in Dadra and Nagar Haveli has brought economic benefits but has also raised concerns about environmental sustainability. Issues such as pollution, deforestation, and waste management need to be addressed to ensure that development does not come at the cost of environmental degradation.
Tourism and Heritage Conservation
Tourism continues to be a major economic driver in Daman and Diu, but it also presents challenges in terms of preserving the region’s cultural and natural heritage. The influx of tourists, particularly during peak seasons, puts pressure on local infrastructure and resources. Balancing tourism with heritage conservation is crucial for maintaining the character and sustainability of these regions.
Social and Cultural Integration
The indigenous communities in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, such as the Warlis and Dhodias, face challenges related to social integration, access to education, and economic opportunities. Efforts to promote inclusive development, respect for tribal rights, and the preservation of traditional cultures are essential for the social well-being of these communities.
Geography
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, a union territory in western India, is a region of significant geographical diversity, shaped by its coastal proximity, riverine systems, and varied landscapes. This union territory, formed by the merger of Dadra and Nagar Haveli with Daman and Diu in January 2020, covers a total area of 603 square kilometres, making it one of the smallest union territories in India. Despite its size, the geography of this region plays a crucial role in its economy, culture, and environmental sustainability.
Geographical Location and Boundaries
The union territory is geographically divided into two distinct areas:
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
This part of the union territory lies inland, nestled between the states of Maharashtra to the north and Gujarat to the east and south. It covers an area of 491 square kilometres. Dadra is a small enclave within the state of Gujarat, while Nagar Haveli is larger and shares its boundaries with both Gujarat and Maharashtra. The region is characterised by its undulating terrain, which includes hills, plains, and river valleys.
Daman and Diu
Daman and Diu are coastal enclaves located on the western coast of India, along the Arabian Sea. Daman is situated near the southern tip of Gujarat, while Diu lies off the coast of the Kathiawar Peninsula, connected to the mainland by a bridge. Daman covers an area of 72 square kilometres, and Diu spans approximately 40 square kilometres. Both areas are known for their picturesque beaches, historical forts, and a blend of Indian and Portuguese architectural influences.
Topography and Landforms
The topography of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu varies significantly between the inland and coastal regions, contributing to the region's diverse ecological and economic characteristics.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
The topography of Dadra and Nagar Haveli is primarily hilly, with the terrain being part of the Western Ghats' foothills. The elevation ranges from low-lying areas along the river valleys to higher, more rugged terrain in the hills. The region is crisscrossed by several rivers, including the Daman Ganga River, which originates in the Western Ghats and flows westward through Nagar Haveli before entering Daman and eventually draining into the Arabian Sea.
The soils in this region are predominantly alluvial and lateritic, supporting a range of vegetation, including tropical deciduous forests. These forests, which cover a significant portion of Nagar Haveli, are rich in biodiversity and play an important role in the local economy, providing timber, fuelwood, and non-timber forest products. The hilly terrain, combined with the riverine system, makes the region suitable for agriculture, particularly the cultivation of paddy, ragi, and other cereals, as well as horticultural crops like mangoes and bananas.
Daman and Diu
Daman and Diu, being coastal regions, have a predominantly flat to gently undulating terrain. Daman, located on the mainland, features a low-lying coastal plain interspersed with sandy beaches and estuarine systems. The coastal plain is fertile, with alluvial soils deposited by the Daman Ganga River, which creates a conducive environment for agriculture, particularly the cultivation of rice, coconuts, and various fruits.
Diu, an island connected to the mainland by a bridge, has a rocky coastline with small hills, limestone outcrops, and sandy beaches. The island's highest point, a modest hill, rises to about 30 metres above sea level. The terrain of Diu is characterised by its coastal cliffs, caves, and tidal flats, which support a variety of marine and coastal ecosystems. The soils in Diu are sandy and saline, limiting the scope for agriculture but supporting coconut groves and small-scale horticulture.
Climate
The climate of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is typical of the western coastal region of India, classified as tropical monsoon. The region experiences three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter.
Summer
The summer season extends from March to May, with temperatures ranging between 25°C and 39°C. The inland areas of Dadra and Nagar Haveli can experience higher temperatures compared to the coastal regions, which benefit from the moderating influence of the Arabian Sea. Humidity levels are generally high, particularly in the coastal areas, making the heat more oppressive.
Monsoon
The monsoon season lasts from June to September, bringing heavy rainfall to the region. The annual rainfall varies, with Dadra and Nagar Haveli receiving around 2,000 to 2,500 millimetres, while Daman and Diu receive slightly less, around 1,700 to 2,000 millimetres. The monsoon is crucial for agriculture, replenishing water sources and sustaining the forests and ecosystems of the region. However, heavy rains can also lead to flooding, particularly in low-lying coastal areas and river valleys.
Winter
The winter season, from November to February, is mild and pleasant, with temperatures ranging between 15°C and 30°C. This is the most comfortable time of year, with lower humidity and clear skies. The cool, dry weather during winter makes it the peak tourist season for Daman and Diu, attracting visitors to their beaches and historical sites.
Natural Resources and Vegetation
The natural resources of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu are varied and play a significant role in the local economy. The region's forests, rivers, and coastal resources contribute to its agricultural and industrial activities.
Forests
Dadra and Nagar Haveli have a substantial forest cover, with approximately 40% of the region being forested. These forests are classified as tropical moist deciduous, with species such as teak, khair, and mahua being predominant. The forests provide essential ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, water regulation, and soil conservation. They also support the livelihoods of indigenous communities, who depend on forest products for their sustenance and income.
Water Resources
The Daman Ganga River is the primary water resource in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, providing water for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use. The river is fed by monsoon rains and supports a network of smaller streams and rivulets. In Daman and Diu, groundwater is the main source of fresh water, although the availability of water is a concern due to the limited recharge of aquifers and the salinity intrusion from the sea.
Agricultural Resources
The fertile plains along the rivers in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and the coastal plains of Daman support agriculture, which is a significant economic activity in the region. The main crops include rice, ragi, and pulses, along with cash crops such as sugarcane and fruits like mangoes and bananas. In Diu, agriculture is more limited due to the rocky and saline soils, but coconut cultivation is common along with some horticulture.
Marine Resources
The coastal regions of Daman and Diu are rich in marine resources, supporting a vibrant fishing industry. The Arabian Sea provides an abundant supply of fish, including mackerel, sardines, and prawns, which are important both for local consumption and export. The coastal waters also support various marine ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangroves, and tidal flats, which are crucial for biodiversity and act as natural buffers against coastal erosion and storms.
Environmental Challenges
While the geography of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu offers numerous natural advantages, the region faces several environmental challenges that need to be addressed to ensure sustainable development.
Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss
In Dadra and Nagar Haveli, deforestation due to industrialisation, agriculture, and urban expansion poses a significant threat to the region’s biodiversity. The loss of forest cover has implications for climate regulation, water cycles, and the livelihoods of indigenous communities who rely on forest resources. Conservation efforts are needed to protect the remaining forests and promote sustainable land use practices.
Coastal Erosion and Pollution
The coastal regions of Daman and Diu are vulnerable to coastal erosion, exacerbated by rising sea levels and human activities such as sand mining and construction. Coastal pollution from industrial effluents, untreated sewage, and plastic waste is also a growing concern, impacting marine life and the quality of life for local residents. There is a need for stringent environmental regulations and effective waste management systems to protect the coastal environment.
Water Scarcity and Management
Water scarcity is a critical issue, particularly in Daman and Diu, where over-extraction of groundwater and contamination by salinity intrusion threaten water security. In Dadra and Nagar Haveli, the challenge lies in managing the water resources of the Daman Ganga River, ensuring that the water needs of agriculture, industry, and households are met without depleting the resource. Integrated water resource management and the promotion of water conservation practices are essential to address these challenges.
Demography
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, a union territory located on the western coast of India, has a unique and diverse demographic profile shaped by its historical context, geographical setting, and socio-economic development. Formed by the merger of Dadra and Nagar Haveli with Daman and Diu in January 2020, this union territory covers a combined area of 603 square kilometres. Despite its small size, the region exhibits a rich tapestry of cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity, with population dynamics influenced by migration, urbanisation, and industrialisation.
Population Size and Growth
As of the 2011 Census, the combined population of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu was approximately 586,000. Dadra and Nagar Haveli accounted for around 343,709 of this population, while Daman and Diu had a population of about 242,911. The population density of the union territory is high, particularly in the urban areas of Daman and Diu, with an overall density of approximately 970 people per square kilometre.
The population growth rate in the region has been significant, particularly in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, which saw a growth rate of over 55% between 2001 and 2011. This rapid increase can be attributed to the influx of migrants drawn by employment opportunities in the region’s industrial sector. Daman and Diu also experienced notable population growth, although at a slower rate compared to Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
Urban and Rural Distribution
The population distribution in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu reflects the region’s varying levels of urbanisation and industrial development.
Urban Population
The urban population is concentrated primarily in Daman and Diu, with both regions exhibiting high levels of urbanisation. Daman, in particular, is highly urbanised, with over 75% of its population residing in urban areas. This is due to the region’s status as a hub for industry, commerce, and tourism. The city of Daman serves as the administrative centre and is the largest urban area in the union territory, followed by Diu, which is also an important tourist destination known for its historical sites and beaches.
In Dadra and Nagar Haveli, urbanisation is more limited, but the region has seen significant growth in its urban centres, particularly in the town of Silvassa, which serves as the capital and industrial hub of the territory. The urbanisation of Silvassa has been driven by the establishment of various industries, which have attracted a large number of workers from other parts of India.
Rural Population
While urbanisation is prominent, a substantial portion of the population still resides in rural areas, particularly in Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The rural population is predominantly engaged in agriculture, forestry, and other primary sector activities. Villages in Dadra and Nagar Haveli are often characterised by small, dispersed settlements surrounded by agricultural fields and forests. The rural areas of Daman and Diu are less extensive but still contribute to the region’s agricultural output, particularly in the cultivation of crops like rice, coconuts, and vegetables.
Social Composition
The social composition of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is a reflection of its diverse cultural and ethnic heritage, influenced by both indigenous traditions and colonial history.
Tribal Communities
Dadra and Nagar Haveli are home to a significant tribal population, which constitutes about 43% of the region’s total population. The major tribes in the region include the Warlis, Dhodias, and Koknas. These communities have a long history in the region and have preserved their traditional ways of life, including distinctive art forms, rituals, and customs. The Warli art, a form of tribal art that depicts scenes of daily life and nature, is particularly famous and has gained recognition beyond the region.
The tribal population is primarily rural and relies on agriculture, forestry, and handicrafts for their livelihood. The government has implemented various welfare schemes aimed at improving the socio-economic conditions of these communities, including access to education, healthcare, and housing.
Non-Tribal Population
The non-tribal population in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is a mix of people from different states of India, including Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. This demographic group has grown significantly due to migration, driven by employment opportunities in the industrial and service sectors. The non-tribal population is more urbanised and is involved in various occupations, including trade, manufacturing, and services.
The social structure in Daman and Diu is also influenced by its Portuguese colonial past. The region has a small but significant Christian community, particularly Roman Catholics, who have preserved the Portuguese cultural and religious heritage. This is evident in the region’s architecture, festivals, and cuisine.
Religious Composition
The religious composition of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu reflects the cultural diversity of the region, with Hinduism being the predominant religion, followed by Islam and Christianity.
Hinduism
Hinduism is the major religion in the union territory, practiced by approximately 90% of the population. The Hindu community is diverse, with a range of castes, traditions, and practices. In Dadra and Nagar Haveli, the tribal population adheres to a blend of Hindu beliefs and indigenous traditions, with a strong emphasis on nature worship, ancestral rites, and community rituals.
In Daman and Diu, Hinduism is practiced alongside the region’s historical Portuguese influence, which has left its mark on the local festivals and religious observances. Major Hindu festivals like Diwali, Holi, and Navratri are celebrated with enthusiasm across the union territory.
Islam
Islam is the second-largest religion in the union territory, practiced by about 7% of the population. The Muslim community is primarily concentrated in the urban areas of Daman and Diu, where they are involved in trade, services, and small-scale industries. The community celebrates major Islamic festivals such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, and there are several mosques in the region that serve as centres of religious and social life.
Christianity
Christianity, particularly Roman Catholicism, has a significant presence in Daman and Diu, a legacy of the Portuguese colonial period. Christians make up around 2-3% of the population, with the majority residing in Diu. The Christian community celebrates major religious festivals like Christmas and Easter, and the region is home to several historic churches, such as the Church of Bom Jesus and the St. Paul’s Church, which are important landmarks and centres of Christian worship.
Other Religions
In addition to the major religions, there are small communities of Sikhs, Jains, and Buddhists, particularly in the urban areas, reflecting the region’s diversity and the presence of migrant communities.
Linguistic Composition
The linguistic diversity of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is reflective of the region’s multicultural population, with Gujarati, Marathi, and Hindi being the most widely spoken languages.
Gujarati
Gujarati is the most widely spoken language in Daman and Diu, and it serves as one of the official languages of the union territory. The language is used in government, education, and everyday communication, particularly in Daman, where the population has strong cultural and economic ties with the neighbouring state of Gujarat.
Marathi
Marathi is predominantly spoken in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, especially in the urban areas like Silvassa. It is also widely understood and used for communication in both formal and informal settings. The proximity of Dadra and Nagar Haveli to Maharashtra has influenced the linguistic landscape, making Marathi a significant language in the region.
Hindi
Hindi is spoken and understood by a large portion of the population across the union territory, particularly by migrants from northern and central India. It is often used as a lingua franca among people from different linguistic backgrounds and is the language of instruction in many schools.
Other Languages
In addition to the major languages, there are pockets of speakers of Konkani, English, and tribal languages like Warli and Kokna. English is widely used in education, business, and administration, particularly in urban areas and among the younger generation.
Literacy and Education
The union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu has made significant strides in improving literacy and educational outcomes. According to the 2011 Census, the overall literacy rate in the region is around 77%, with male literacy at 85% and female literacy at 69%.
Primary and Secondary Education
The region has a well-developed network of primary and secondary schools, with a focus on improving access to education in both urban and rural areas. The government has implemented various schemes to promote school enrolment, particularly among girls and marginalised communities. In recent years, there has been a push to enhance the quality of education through improved infrastructure, teacher training, and the introduction of digital learning tools.
Higher Education
Higher education opportunities in the region are expanding, with several colleges and technical institutes offering courses in arts, science, commerce, and engineering. The Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Government College in Silvassa is a key institution for higher education in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, while Daman and Diu have their own colleges offering a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs. The government is also encouraging vocational training and skill development to meet the needs of the region’s growing industrial sector.
Migration and Population Dynamics
Migration has played a significant role in shaping the demographic profile of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. The region’s industrial growth has attracted a large number of migrants from various parts of India, contributing to the region’s population increase and cultural diversity.
In-Migration
The industrialisation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, particularly in Silvassa, has led to a significant influx of workers from states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh. These migrants, often seeking employment in manufacturing, construction, and services, have contributed to the rapid urbanisation and economic growth of the region. The in-migration has also brought about cultural exchanges, as migrants introduce their own languages, customs, and traditions to the local population.
Out-Migration
While the region attracts a large number of migrants, there is also a pattern of out-migration, particularly among the educated youth, who move to larger cities and states for better educational and employment opportunities. This out-migration is more pronounced in Daman and Diu, where the limited availability of higher education and professional jobs drives people to seek opportunities elsewhere.
Health and Demographic Indicators
The health indicators of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu reflect the region’s efforts to improve public health and access to healthcare services. However, there are disparities between urban and rural areas that need to be addressed.
Life Expectancy
Life expectancy in the union territory is estimated to be around 70-72 years, which is comparable to the national average. The availability of healthcare facilities in urban areas like Silvassa, Daman, and Diu has contributed to improved health outcomes, though rural areas still face challenges related to healthcare access.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The infant mortality rate in the region has been declining, with the IMR currently estimated to be around 20-25 per 1,000 live births. This improvement is attributed to better maternal and child healthcare services, immunisation programs, and increased awareness about nutrition and hygiene.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The total fertility rate in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is estimated to be around 2.1, which is at the replacement level. This reflects the region’s progress in family planning and reproductive health services.
Admnistration
The administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, a union territory in western India, is a complex system that reflects the region's unique history, geographical diversity, and socio-economic dynamics. Established as a single union territory in January 2020 by merging the former union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli with Daman and Diu, the region is governed directly by the central government of India. The administration of this union territory is structured to ensure effective governance, promote development, and address the specific needs of its diverse population.
Structure of Administration
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, as a union territory, do not have a state-level legislative assembly with full legislative powers like India's states. Instead, the territory is directly administered by the central government through a set of appointed officials. The administrative structure is headed by a Lieutenant Governor, supported by various administrative departments and local bodies.
Lieutenant Governor
The Lieutenant Governor (LG) is the head of the union territory's administration and is appointed by the President of India. The LG represents the central government and is responsible for overseeing the implementation of policies and programs in the region. The role of the LG includes ensuring law and order, managing public administration, and coordinating between the central government and local authorities.
The LG has executive powers similar to those of a state governor but with additional authority in certain areas due to the absence of a fully empowered legislative assembly. The LG’s office is located in Daman, the administrative headquarters of the union territory.
Advisory Council
Given that the union territory does not have a legislative assembly, the administration is advised by an Advisory Council. This council is composed of appointed members who represent various sections of society, including industry, agriculture, and civil society. The council provides input on key administrative decisions, helping to ensure that the governance of the territory is inclusive and responsive to local needs.
District Administration
The union territory is divided into three districts: Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman, and Diu. Each district is administered by a District Collector, who is the chief executive officer of the district. The District Collector is responsible for maintaining law and order, implementing government schemes, managing revenue collection, and overseeing development projects.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli District
This district, covering the inland areas of the union territory, is managed from the district headquarters in Silvassa. The District Collector here plays a crucial role in coordinating industrial activities, which are the primary drivers of the local economy.
Daman District
Daman, located on the mainland coast, serves as the administrative headquarters of the entire union territory. The district administration in Daman is focused on managing urban development, tourism, and industrial regulation.
Diu District
Diu, an island off the coast of Gujarat, has its own district administration based in the town of Diu. The District Collector in Diu oversees tourism development, cultural heritage preservation, and local governance.
Local Governance and Municipalities
Local governance in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is carried out through municipalities and village panchayats, which are responsible for the provision of basic civic amenities and local development.
Municipalities
The urban areas of Daman and Diu are governed by municipalities, which are elected bodies responsible for managing public services such as water supply, sanitation, waste management, and urban planning. These municipalities are crucial in maintaining the infrastructure required to support tourism and industrial activities.
Daman Municipal Council
The Daman Municipal Council is responsible for managing the civic needs of Daman’s urban population. This includes maintaining roads, parks, and public spaces, as well as regulating construction and urban development.
Diu Municipal Council
The Diu Municipal Council oversees the administration of the town of Diu and its surrounding areas. Given Diu’s status as a major tourist destination, the council’s responsibilities include managing tourist facilities, preserving heritage sites, and promoting sustainable tourism practices.
Village Panchayats
The rural areas of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, as well as parts of Daman and Diu, are administered through village panchayats, which are grassroots-level elected bodies. Panchayats play a vital role in rural development, managing local resources, and implementing government schemes related to agriculture, health, and education.
The panchayats are involved in decision-making processes related to local infrastructure development, water management, and social welfare programs. They act as the first point of contact between the government and rural communities, ensuring that the benefits of development reach the grassroots level.
Law and Order
The maintenance of law and order in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is a key responsibility of the union territory administration. This is managed through a well-organised police force and judiciary.
Police Force
The union territory has its own police force, which is responsible for maintaining public safety, preventing and investigating crimes, and enforcing the law. The police force is headed by a Superintendent of Police (SP) in each district, who reports to the Director General of Police (DGP) at the union territory level.
The police force in the region is equipped to handle both urban and rural policing needs, with specific focus areas such as industrial security, traffic management, and tourism safety. Given the region’s strategic coastal location, the police also work closely with the Indian Coast Guard to ensure maritime security and prevent smuggling or illegal activities along the coast.
Judiciary
The union territory falls under the jurisdiction of the Bombay High Court, with a district court in each district handling civil and criminal cases. The judiciary operates independently to ensure the rule of law and protect the rights of citizens. The district courts are supported by subordinate courts, including sessions courts and magistrate courts, which deal with various legal matters at the local level.
The administration has also implemented alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, such as Lok Adalats (people’s courts), to expedite the resolution of disputes, particularly in civil matters like land disputes, family issues, and small claims.
Economic Administration
The economic administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is geared towards promoting industrial growth, tourism, and sustainable development. The administration plays a key role in regulating industries, supporting infrastructure development, and managing natural resources.
Industrial Regulation
The administration actively promotes industrial development in the union territory, particularly in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman, which have become industrial hubs due to their favourable tax regimes and infrastructure. The Department of Industries, under the administration, oversees industrial licensing, environmental compliance, and labour regulations.
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and industrial estates have been established to attract investment, create jobs, and boost the local economy. The administration also works to ensure that industrial activities comply with environmental standards and contribute to sustainable development.
Tourism Development
Tourism is a major economic activity in Daman and Diu, and the administration is focused on promoting the region as a tourist destination while preserving its cultural and natural heritage. The Department of Tourism is responsible for marketing the region, developing tourist infrastructure, and regulating tourism activities to ensure they are sustainable and benefit the local population.
Key initiatives include the preservation of historical sites, the development of eco-tourism projects, and the promotion of local arts and crafts. The administration also works with local stakeholders, including the hospitality industry and local communities, to create a positive and inclusive tourism experience.
Infrastructure and Public Works
The administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is responsible for the development and maintenance of public infrastructure, including roads, bridges, public buildings, and utilities. The Public Works Department (PWD) plays a crucial role in planning and executing infrastructure projects that support economic growth and improve the quality of life for residents.
The administration has focused on improving connectivity between different parts of the union territory, enhancing water supply and sanitation services, and developing energy infrastructure. Sustainable development practices are encouraged, particularly in the context of water management and waste disposal.
Social Welfare and Public Services
The administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is committed to providing essential public services and promoting social welfare, with a focus on health, education, and social justice.
Health Services
The administration operates a network of public healthcare facilities, including primary health centres, community health centres, and district hospitals. The Health Department is responsible for implementing national health programs, improving maternal and child health, and controlling communicable diseases.
Recent initiatives include the expansion of healthcare infrastructure, the introduction of telemedicine services, and the promotion of health awareness campaigns. The administration also collaborates with private healthcare providers to enhance service delivery and reach underserved areas.
Education and Skill Development
The administration prioritises education and skill development, recognising their importance for social and economic development. The Department of Education oversees the operation of schools and colleges, implements government education schemes, and promotes literacy and vocational training.
Efforts have been made to improve access to quality education in both urban and rural areas, with a focus on girl’s education, inclusive education for children with disabilities, and the promotion of digital learning. Skill development programs are also encouraged to enhance employability, particularly in the context of the region’s industrial economy.
Social Justice and Welfare Programs
The administration implements various social welfare programs aimed at improving the lives of vulnerable groups, including women, children, senior citizens, and people with disabilities. These programs are designed to ensure social justice, reduce poverty, and promote inclusive development.
Key initiatives include financial assistance schemes, social security programs, and empowerment initiatives for women and tribal communities. The administration also works to protect the rights of workers, particularly in the industrial sector, through labour laws and welfare programs.
Environmental Management and Sustainability
Given the environmental challenges faced by the union territory, the administration has placed a strong emphasis on environmental management and sustainability.
Environmental Regulations
The administration enforces environmental regulations to ensure that industrial activities, tourism, and urban development do not adversely impact the environment. The Pollution Control Committee (PCC) monitors air, water, and soil quality and ensures compliance with environmental standards.
Conservation Initiatives
Conservation efforts are focused on protecting the region’s forests, coastal areas, and biodiversity. The administration has implemented afforestation programs, promoted the conservation of mangroves, and encouraged the sustainable use of natural resources. Initiatives such as plastic bans and waste management campaigns are also part of the administration’s environmental strategy.
